B M B 401 Lecture 2: BMB 401 - Lecture 1 & 2 - Introduction and Review

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periwinkleweasel840

28 Aug 2016

School

PSU

Department

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Course

B M B 401

Professor

Howell Paul

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Document Summary

Bmb 401 lecture 1 & 2 introduction and review. Biochemistry the study of biological macromolecules and their metabolic pathways. Polymers formed by condensation reactions (ie. removal of water) and cleaved by hydrolysis (ie. the addition of water) Peptide bond bond between amino acids in a poly peptide. The structure of an enzyme (a protein structure) directly determines what it can and cannot interact with. Their active site is very specific to the molecule or molecules they need to interact with. If this site is mal formed, the enzyme will not function: structure is determined by. G free energy: g = h ts. G = h - t s: determines if the reaction is thermodynamically favored (spontaneous) Spontaneity speed: g determines spontaneity, g determines speed. Exothermic - h < 0 system transfers heat to the surroundings. Endothermic - h > 0 system transfers heat from the surroundings. Endergonic - g < 0: endergonic is thermodynamically favorable and spontaneous.

Related Questions

Place these events that occur during protein synthesis in the proper sequence

- I. II. III. IV.	An aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the A site
- I. II. III. IV.	A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and a polypeptide chain
- I. II. III. IV.	tRNA leaves the P site and the P site remains vacant
- I. II. III. IV.	tRNA translocates (moves) to the P site

Bacterial are very responsive to changes in their environments. How can bacteria control metabolic pathways in response to changes in nutrient availability?

controlling the expression levels of key genes

feedback inhibition of key enzymes in pathways

by post-translating modifying key enzymes to control their activity

by allosteric changes in regulatory proteins

by mutating their genes in response to their environment

How do the life cycles of most fungi differ from those of plants?

		fungi never produce a multicellular haploid organism
		fungi do not have a diploid stage
		Meiosis in fungi results in gametes, while plants produce gametes by mitosis
		Meiosis occurs in fungi without a multicellular diploid offspring developing

Why are proteins so incredibly diverse in structure and function?

		They are made by combining four different types of nucleic acids
		They can be made out of 20 different amino acids
		They contain both saturated and unsaturated fats
		They are long multi-branched simple carbon chains

I.	second
II.	4th
III.	3rd
IV.	first

Please answer all the questions

11/3 11/4 4 (a) What is an a-amino acid? (b) How do amino acids react to form proteins? Vinyl chloride is industrially important because it is the monomer from which the polymer, poly(vinyl chlonide (PVC) is obtained. Explain what s meant by monomer and polymer and name the process by which a monomer is converted to a polymer Wite an equation to represent the conversion of vinyl chloride to PVC 5 Write a chemical equation for the formation of alanylserine from the constituent amino acids 10. Polypeptides and proteins are important biological examples of condensation polymers. Draw in 2-D, two repeating units of the polypeptide formed only from the amino acid, glycine: NH CH-CO,H 6 Wha t amino acids would be obtained by hydrolysis of the following tripeptide? H2NCHCNHCH CNHCHCOH 11. Nylon is a polyamide-type of polymer often derived from the reaction between two different monomers 1,6-diaminohexane, HN(CHzuNH, and hexane 1,6-dioic acid HOC(CH2)aCO2H. (CHj)2 ?? ????? ?? (a) Identify electrophilic and nucleophilic sites in each of the reactant molecules and then indicate which atoms are likely to react with each other Given that one water molecule is eliminated for each reaction between two monomer molecules give a part structure of the polymer comprising three monomer units Polymers 7. What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? (b) 8. Clearly define: (a) addition polymers (b) condensation polymers 9 Chloroethene (rinyl chloride) CHa CHCI, is an important industrial organic chemical. In industry it is produced by two different reaction sequences. (a) One reaction sequence involves reaction between ethene (ethylene) and chlorine, followed by strong heating of the reaction product. Write equations to represent these two reactions and classify each reaction as either substitution, addition or elimination. (b) The other reaction uses ethyne (acetylene) as the organic starting material. Write an equation to represent the reaction by which ethyne can be converted to vinyl chloride

Show transcribed image text 11/3 11/4 4 (a) What is an a-amino acid? (b) How do amino acids react to form proteins? Vinyl chloride is industrially important because it is the monomer from which the polymer, poly(vinyl chlonide (PVC) is obtained. Explain what s meant by monomer and polymer and name the process by which a monomer is converted to a polymer Wite an equation to represent the conversion of vinyl chloride to PVC 5 Write a chemical equation for the formation of alanylserine from the constituent amino acids 10. Polypeptides and proteins are important biological examples of condensation polymers. Draw in 2-D, two repeating units of the polypeptide formed only from the amino acid, glycine: NH CH-CO,H 6 Wha t amino acids would be obtained by hydrolysis of the following tripeptide? H2NCHCNHCH CNHCHCOH 11. Nylon is a polyamide-type of polymer often derived from the reaction between two different monomers 1,6-diaminohexane, HN(CHzuNH, and hexane 1,6-dioic acid HOC(CH2)aCO2H. (CHj)2 ?? ????? ?? (a) Identify electrophilic and nucleophilic sites in each of the reactant molecules and then indicate which atoms are likely to react with each other Given that one water molecule is eliminated for each reaction between two monomer molecules give a part structure of the polymer comprising three monomer units Polymers 7. What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? (b) 8. Clearly define: (a) addition polymers (b) condensation polymers 9 Chloroethene (rinyl chloride) CHa CHCI, is an important industrial organic chemical. In industry it is produced by two different reaction sequences. (a) One reaction sequence involves reaction between ethene (ethylene) and chlorine, followed by strong heating of the reaction product. Write equations to represent these two reactions and classify each reaction as either substitution, addition or elimination. (b) The other reaction uses ethyne (acetylene) as the organic starting material. Write an equation to represent the reaction by which ethyne can be converted to vinyl chloride

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B M B 401 Lecture 2: BMB 401 - Lecture 1 & 2 - Introduction and Review

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