BIOL 155 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Mendelian Inheritance, Mitosis, Meiosis
Document Summary
True-breeding plants produce offspring identical to themselves: ex: tall/short offspring. Test cross: p1 generation, tall x short, f1 generation, all offspring have the tall characteristic. Crossing the f1 generation: tall x tall, f2 generation, most of the offspring tall, but short characteristic reappears. Mendel"s results: didn"t follow what was expected, revealed something new about inheritance. What is a gene exactly: small sections of dna within our genomes that code for proteins, contain the instructions for individual characteristics, ex: hair color/eye color. Genes come in different flavors : locus = a gene"s location on a chromosome, allele = different versions of the same gene. Allele terminology: a dominant allele will express its form of the protein wherever it is present, a recessive allele can be masked when a dominant allele is present. Genotypes and phenotypes: genotype = what the gene tells us, ex: gg, phenotype = physical appearance, ex: yellow.
