BIOL 230W Lecture Notes - Lecture 39: Passive Transport, Exocytosis, Botulinum Toxin
Document Summary
Biol 230w lecture 39 fixing proteins. Calcium is required for snare complex function in regulated exocytosis. Voltage-gated calcium channel: passive transport, concentration gradient, high calcium concentration outside the cell, low calcium concentration inside the cell. Inhibits secretion of neurosecretory vesicles: no calcium no fusion, occurs in a resting cell. What is the calcium-binding vsnare was mutated: no fusion, similar to botox. Neurotransmitter receptors are ligand-gated channels: passive transport, opens when a molecule attaches to it. Remove non-functional proteins: can become harmful. By gain of function mutations by accumulation of aggregates: requires a proteasome. Remove damaged organelles: damaged mitochondria lead to ros, requires autophagy. Clear out damaged cells: prevent cancerous cells, requires apoptosis. Not folded properly: lack of glycosylation, exposed hydrophobic domains. How do we fix proteins: chaperone proteins: facilitate proper folding or unfold misfolded proteins so they can refold. Er and cytoplasm: protein disulphide isomerase (pdi)
