BIOL 230W Lecture Notes - Lecture 41: Apoptosis, Dynamin, Nuclear Membrane
Document Summary
Biol 230w lecture 41 degradation and cell death. Aids in degradation and recycling of cellular components through the creation of unique organelles: autophagosome, autolysosome. Cells undergo basal autophagy: upregulated by stress, used to remove damaged proteins and organelles. Hypoxia (low oxygen) triggers autophagy of the mitochondria. Hypoxic conditions trigger an increase in ros. Oxygen is needed to accept low energy electrons in the electron transport chain. Adaption to decrease ros production during hypoxic events. Removal of mitochondria forces cells to use glycolysis and fermentation for atp production. A cell that could not undergo mitochondrial autophagy under hypoxic conditions would have reduced survival of cells: less atp, more ros. Complex signaling pathway that results in cell death. Occurs in stages: beginning: condensed appearance of cell, large blebs form, decrease volume of the cell, progression: pinch and release blebs, dna broken down, nuclear envelope dissolves. Asymmetric fission may allow for compartmentalization of damaged components. Fusions allows mitochondria to compensate for defects.
