PSYCH 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning
Document Summary
Psych 100 lecture 20 operant conditioning. Learning in which the consequences of behavior lead to changes in the probability of the behavior"s occurrence. There are four ways in which the consequences of our behavior can be influenced: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Shaping: rewarding a series of approximate behaviors until you get the behavior you want. Positive reinforcement: when the consequence of a behavior leads to an increase in the probability that the behavior will occur again. Positive reinforcer: the positive consequence that is presented (not the person presenting it) Primary reinforcers: things that are innately reinforcing (food, warmth, sexual gratification) Secondary reinforcers: reinforcers that are learned (money, prizes, grades, applause) Secondary reinforcers are learned through classical conditioning. Continuous reinforcement schedule: reinforcer given every time. Fixed ratio schedule: the reinforcer is given only after a specified number of responses (a seamstress gets a paycheck each time she makes six dresses)
