PSYCH 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Child Prodigy, Bipolar Disorder, Attention
Chapter 14 Psychosocial Development
4 Basic Standards for Categorizing a Psychological Disorder
1. Statistical Infrequency
a. Compare the frequency of behavior to others (i.e. it is rare)
i. Examples: Others are out to get me!
1. You (not understandable) vs. The President (understandable)
2. What about Olympians, or people with an IQ over 180?
3. Or child prodigies
2. Disability or Dysfunction
a. Thoughts, eotios, or atios that iterfere ith ailit to futio i oes
own life and within society.
i. Examples: Adults: thoughts of persecution keep you from going to work
or out into open places. Teens: primarily criteria for drug use Children:
not able to be in the classroom, not playing with other kids, disruptive
behaviors.
3. Personal Distress
a. The idiiduals judgement of his/her own functioning level
b. Children= parental/teacher judgement
i. Eaple: sared to go to shool, erullig, digital self-har (No.
2017)- readig ast oets aout oes self
4. Violations of Norms
a. Social norms, cultural norms, rules that guide behavior in particular situations
b. Developmental psychology = age appropriate
i. Example I am an airplane
1. Is the person a child or an adult?
ii. Example person with bipolar disorder, taking their clothes off, asking
for sex while grocery shopping.
Classifying Abnormal Behaviors: The DSM-V
▪ The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (2013)
o Used for diagnosis and coding of mental disorders
o Includes descriptions, symptoms and other criteria
o Common language for clinicians
Disruptive Behavior Disorders:
▪ Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder:
o The inability to not disrupt, problems with impulse control
o Problems with delayed gratification
o Only small percentage of school-aged children (3-5%)
▪ Diagnostic Features
o Usually present before 7 years; (diagnose = 7)
o Associated with learning disabilities
o LDs and ADHD or HD more problematic for boys
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3 Types of ADHD/ADD:
1. Inattention (ADD):
a. School, home or other social situations
i. Inability to sustain or complete tasks
1. Looks at appropriateness for developmental tasks
a. Examples coloring/building/reading/video games
ii. Sustained mental effort is unpleasant and unattainable
1. This is a good indication.
2. Hyperactivity (ADHD):
a. Fidgetiness, squirming in seat.
b. Excessive climbing or running where inappropriate
c. Difficulty engaging in leisure activities
i. Cannot stay in the game of soccer (although they are very interested)
d. Parents:
i. Alas losig thigs
ii. like there a haster o a heel
iii. drie a otor that ot stop
3. Both (ADD/ADHD)
a. IMPO‘TANT: kids ith ADD/ADHD epress reorse. they understand that
they may cause distress to others and feel bad for it.
b. Impulsivity:
i. Blurting -frequently interrupt
ii. Accident Prone:
1. Grabbing a hot pan
iii. Impulse control problems
iv. Inability to delay gratification
1. Low self-control
Treatments for ADD/ADHD:
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Treatment
• Medications
The Marshmallow Test:
▪ ADHD/ADD and Impulsivity Problems
▪ Delayed Gratification -Walter Mischel (1960s)
▪ Oe o or to later. tests impulsivity or delayed gratification
o One Marshmallow:
▪ Scores low on emotional intelligence
▪ Low frustration tolerance
▪ Higher risk of ADHD
o Two Marshmallow:
▪ Success later in school
▪ Popularity
▪ Lower risk for ADHD
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
4 basic standards for categorizing a psychological disorder: statistical infrequency, compare the frequency of behavior to others (i. e. it is rare, examples: others are out to get me, you (not understandable) vs. Classifying abnormal behaviors: the dsm-v: the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition (2013, used for diagnosis and coding of mental disorders. Includes descriptions, symptoms and other criteria: common language for clinicians. Treatments for add/adhd: cognitive behavioral therapy/treatment, medications. 4 main categories of conduct disorders (cd): aggression to people and animals (selves, property damage, deceitfulness or theft, serious violations of rules and laws. Anxiety disorders: (over-represented by girls: school/social phobia, anxiety provoked by certain social situations or performance situations, often leads to avoidance behaviors, fear of appeari(cid:374)g (cid:862)stupid. (cid:863, lifetime prevalence of 3-13% Implication men seek treatment more often because men notice that (cid:862)this is (cid:374)ot (cid:374)or(cid:373)al, (cid:449)hile (cid:449)o(cid:373)e(cid:374) think it is normal.
