PSYCH 238 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Clark L. Hull, Operant Conditioning, Learned Helplessness
1 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Behavior and personality are controlled by environments. Fundamental philosophical ideas: empiricism = all knowledge comes from experience and experience is direct product of reality, associationism = any two things become associated if repeatedly experienced together, hedonism = seek pleasure and avoid pain. Determinism = personality results from events caused/determined in a lawful, scientific manner. Focus is on collections of machine-like mechanisms. Situational specificity = behavior varies by the environment/situation. Key tenets of learning approaches: empirical research is foundation, personality theory only based on learning principles, behavior is responsive to reinforcement variables and is situation specific. B. f. skinner is prime figure: influential pioneers: Generalization: cr may appear after various ns that are similar to the cs. Discrimination: cr appear after the cs but not after other stimuli. Extinction: present cs without ucs to eliminate cr. Applications of classical conditioning: phobias, breaking bad habits, placebo effect, immune and endocrine responses, taste aversion, drug habituation, neuroticism.
