NROSCI 1030 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Dyskinesia, Chlorpromazine, John Cade
Introduction
Mental disorder has a large stigma in most cultures. Mental health knows no socioeconomic status, but
is more prevalent among richer classes due to recognition. Thus, asylums increased greatly from 1900s-
1950s as the population went from 150,000 to 500,000.
• In 1949, John Cade gave guinea pigs ureic acid to test the mood of the wild pigs. The lithium
from the ureic acid stabilized the mood in the guinea pigs, not the ureic acid.
• In 1952, phenothozines, a pharmaceutical company, worked with promozine ( a prescription
antihistamine). Labout gave this drug to people going through long surgery.
o Chlorpormozine (thorazine) was another drug that helped stabilize manic patients. This
drug acted as a neroleptic or neural stabilizer.
o The introductions of these drugs decreased patients from 500,000 to 200,000
• In 1963, Horny Kiewicz decided that Parkinsons was due to a loss of dopamine – from post-
mortem brains. Dopamine is made from tyrosine acted on my tyrosine hydroxylase to give DOPA
which gave DOPA. Thus, Horny decided to give DOPA to patients which developed the drug
treatment for Parkinsons.
All these drugs were effective by working on specific neurotransmitter receptors. These drug treatments
allowed patients to live outside an asylum. Compliance is if the patients are willing to take the drugs to
stay sane. 60-70% of patients are non-compliant. In addition, there was still a resistance to treating
these patients. The resistance to treat included:
• Biological or psychological
o People had problem accepted mental illness as a brain disease
o Link between brain disease and mental disorder: Phineas Gage
• Psychotherapy or drug format
o Freudian psychotherapists: ceased the biological therapy and urged Freudian therapy;
this therapy is effective if the biological imbalance has been corrected
o Szoz believed there was no such thing as chemical intervention and drugs were used as
a “chemical straightjackets”
o Thus, the system realized the it needed to be a combination of biological and therapy
• Drugs and civil rights
o Patients can’t be forced to take drugs – there must be a balance in order to let them go
out in public again
• Side effects
o The first types of drugs for schizophrenia were non-selective dopamine blockers
o These produced symptoms of Parkinson’s like tardic dyskinesia
o Second generation anti-psychotic drug therapy doesn’t cause Parkinson’s symptoms but
do have a large weight gain
o The goal of drug therapy now is to reduce the side effects
Document Summary
Mental disorder has a large stigma in most cultures. Mental health knows no socioeconomic status, but is more prevalent among richer classes due to recognition. 1950s as the population went from 150,000 to 500,000. In 1949, john cade gave guinea pigs ureic acid to test the mood of the wild pigs. The lithium from the ureic acid stabilized the mood in the guinea pigs, not the ureic acid. In 1952, phenothozines, a pharmaceutical company, worked with promozine ( a prescription antihistamine). Labout gave this drug to people going through long surgery: chlorpormozine (thorazine) was another drug that helped stabilize manic patients. This drug acted as a neroleptic or neural stabilizer: the introductions of these drugs decreased patients from 500,000 to 200,000. In 1963, horny kiewicz decided that parkinsons was due to a loss of dopamine from post- mortem brains. Dopamine is made from tyrosine acted on my tyrosine hydroxylase to give dopa which gave dopa.
