PSY 0010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Naturalistic Observation, Hindsight Bias, Confirmation Bias
6 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Hindsight bias: the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. Confirmation bias: the tendency to notice information that confirms our beliefs and ignore information that disconfirms our beliefs. Theory: explanation that integrates principles, organizes observations, and predicts a behavior or event. Hypothesis: a testable prediction, often prompted by a theory. Typically by defining how the variable will be measured. Variable: anything that can vary within the research design. Case study: examines one individual case in depth in the hopes of revealing truths about all humans. Drawback: individual case may be atypical and not generalize to the rest of the population. Naturalistic observation: observing and recording the behavior of animals or humans in their natural environment. Benefit: participant is behaving as they normally would in their environment. Drawback: can only describe behavior, not explain it. Survey: a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes, opinions, or behaviors of people.
