CHM 33300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Tetrose, Pentose, Glucose
30 Aug 2016
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Document Summary
Carbohydrates: they are classified by the number of carbon atoms that they contain. Class names often combine the number of carbons and the functional group. Monosaccharides are commonly occurring in the d form within nature. Forms of glucose: in linear form (alpha and beta) anomers. Originally called dextrose; found in large quantities throughout the natural world. Preferred energy cells for brain cells and for cells without mitochondria (erythrocytes) Referred to as a fruit sugar because of its content is high in fruit. On aper-grambasis it is twice as sweet as sucrose therefore it is often used as a sweetening agent within processed food. Galactose: this is necessary to synthesize variety of important biomolecules. Galactosemia: a genetic disorder resulting from a missing enzyme in galactose metabolism. Amino sugars: a hydroxyl group which is typically on the 2nd carbon is replaced with an amine group. D-glucosamine (a) and (d) are the most common and often are attached to proteins or lipids.
