PSY 23500 Lecture 1:
20 Jan 2019
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Document Summary
Historical views of children and childhood: plato: children born with innate knowledge, aristotle: knowledge rooted in experience, locke: blank state , rousseau: born with innate sense of justice and morality. Biological perspective: biological forces, maturational theory natural unfolding of pre-arranged biological plan, ethological theory behaviors viewed as adaptive because they have. Psychodynamic perspective survival value: conflict in childhood development, freud three components of personality (id, ego, and superego, erikson 8 stages marked by a specific conflict. Learning perspective: emphasizes experience (reward and punishment, imitation or observational learning learn by observing others that are skilled or rewarded. Cognitive-developmental perspective: reflects children"s efforts to understand the world, jean piaget 4 stage sequence characterizing children"s changing understanding of the world, 1 stage in infancy, 2 stages in childhood, 1 stage in adolescence. Contextual perspective: determined by immediate and more distant environments, many separate environments, lev vygotsky adults convey to children their beliefs, customs, and skills.
