01:512:205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Emilio Aguinaldo, Monroe Doctrine, Panama Canal Zone
18 May 2018
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Chapter 28: America on the World Stage, 1899-1909
“Little Brown Brothers” in the Philippines
• The Senate refused to pass a resolution granting Filipino independence and
bitterness toward American troops erupted into open insurrection in 1899
under Emilio Aguinaldo
• As Filipino armies were defeated, they melted into the jungle to wage guerrilla
warfare
• Atrocity tales shocked and rocked the United States (reconcentration camps
established)
• The backbone of the Filipino insurrection was broken in 1901 with the capture
of Aguinaldo
• President McKinley appointed the Philippine Commission to act as a sort of
government
• At its head was William H. Taft who called the Filipinos his little grown
brothers
• Millions poured in to improve roads, sanitation, and public health (sugar trade)
• The Filipinos hated compulsory Americanization and preferred liberty (July
1946)
Hinging the Open Door in China
• Following China’s defeat by Japan in 1895, imperialistic European powers
moved in
• A growing group of Americans viewed the vivisection of China with alarm
(Manchu dynasty)
• Churches worried about missionaries, Chinese markets, American public
nudged Washington
•
• Secretary of State John Hay dispatched to all great powers the Open Door
note (summer 1899)
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• He urged them to announce that in their spheres of influence they would
respect certain Chinese rights and the ideal of fair competition (Open
Door gained wide acceptance with public)
• Italy alone accepted the Open Door unconditionally (only major power without
land in China)
• Britain, Germany, France, and Japan all accepted; Russia politely declined
• In 1900 a super patriotic group known as the Boxers strove to drive out the
foreign devils
• A multinational rescue force arrived and quelled the rebellion—contrary to
nation’s principles
• The allied invaders had China pay an indemnity of $333 million—vastly
excessive
• Secretary Hay announced that the Open Door would embrace the territorial
integrity of China
Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900?
• President McKinley had won war, acquired rich estates, established the gold
standard, prosperity
• McKinley was renominated on a platform that endorsed prosperity, gold
standard, and expansion
• Teddy Roosevelt became a popular vice-presidential candidate (governor of
New York)
• William Jennings Bryan forced a silver plank down the throats of Democrats
• Bryan assailed both imperialism and Republican-fostered trusts (Roosevelt
toured the country)
• Bryanites trumpeted their paramount issue of slavery while Republicans
responded by charging that Bryanism, not imperialism was paramount (no
more prosperity with free-silver)
• Victory for Republicans was not a mandate for or against imperialism
(prosperity & protection)
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chapter 28: america on the world stage, 1899-1909. Italy alone accepted the open door unconditionally (only major power without land in china: britain, germany, france, and japan all accepted; russia politely declined. Colombia blocks the canal: spanish-american war had emphasized need for a canal across the central. Panama: bunau-varilla offered holdings at million (from ) for new panama. ,000 (columbia rejected: the (cid:1688)blackmailers of bogota(cid:1689) were blocking the onward march of civilization. Uncle sam creates puppet panama: bunau-varilla was disturbed by prospect of losing money; panamanians ripe for another revolt, he raised a tiny (cid:1688)patriot(cid:1689) army consisting of fire department and bought. Colombia: this pact obligated washington to maintain (cid:1688)perfect neutrality(cid:1689) of the isthmus, panama became outpost of us and bunau-varilla signed the hay-bunau- Varilla treaty (same $: rough rider became involved in the panama affair and the european imperialists raised their eyebrows in scorn at america"s superior moral pretensions roosevelt"s (cid:1688)cowboy diplomacy(cid:1689)
