01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Kinetochore, G1 Phase, Metaphase

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amaranthgoose87

5 Oct 2018

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Cell theory- all living things are made of one or more cells. Cells are the basic organizational and functional units of all organisms. Some cells are terminally differentiated- do not divide. Erythrocytes (red blood cells), neurons, but most cells divide at some point. Growth and development- like humans from microscopic to (1) adult (2) During cell division- all parts of the cell divided into new cells (everything gets allocated). 1 main function of cell division- distribute genetic material (1) into daughter cells (genome is genetic information) Genome- a cells total genetic material= chromosomes (piece of dna) Genes- informational until of dba, responsible for structure of all proteins in a cell. Each at a specific location on chromosome- locus. Histones- proteins in eukaryotic cells that associate with dna to form chromosomes. Nucleosomes- 8 histones with 146 base pairs (bp) of dna wrapped around adjacent nucleosomes linked by 60bp-linkerdna.

Related Questions

4. The following questions dealwith the organization of the genetic material within a cell. Makesimple sketches (or describe) to help you visualize the variousstructures as you answer these questions.

What is chromatin?

How is chromatin related to a chromosome?

The length of a single chromosome is several thousandtimes the diameter of the cell containing it. How is it possible tofit such large structures into a cell?

What are sister chromatids? What connectsthem?

Do all cells in your body have the same number ofchromosomes? Explain why.

What are homologous chromosomes?

What is the difference between a sister chromatid and achromosome?

Is the structure only called a chromosome when it is madeup of two sister chromatids? Explain.

5. List the phases of the cell cycle anddescribe the sequence of events that occurs during eachphase. Use the masteringbio website, chapter 12,activity 2 (The cell cycle), more important is activity 3 (Mitosisand cytokinesis animation). Greatreview!

turquoiseelk849

Match the term with its correct definition or explanation.

Chromatin

Homologous Chromosomes

Sister chromatids

Diploid

Interphase

S Phase

Synapsis

Crossing Over

Cell Plate

Cleavage Furrow

A. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.

B. The pairing or tight association of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I. Results in the formation of a tetrad.

C. Non-identical copies of the same chromosome. Present in all diploid cells, even before replication. These chromosomes are the same length and contain genes for the same characteristics, but may have different alleles for each gene. D.

The period of the cell cycle that includes G1, S phase, and G2. E. A structure that develops during cytokinesis in plants.

F. Condensed chromosomes.

G. An invagination that develops during cytokinesis in animal cells.

H. When an organism has two copies of every chromosome (2n).

I. Two identical copies of a chromosome. These are only present after DNA replication.

J. The phase of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated.

1. What are the basic components of cell membranes? How does amembrane create a semi-impermeable barrier separating the insideand outside of the cell?

2. What types of molecules can freely cross a membrane and whichtypes require channels or transporters? Which types of transportrequire energy and why?

3. What types of cellular processes do antibiotics affect? How hasthe misapplication of antibiotics led to the antibiotic resistance?How does affect the use of antibiotics today?

4. What is the most basic purpose of Mitosis and the cell cycle?How does the cell control these processes? What are checkpoints andapoptosis?

5. What are the stages of Mitosis and the cell cycle? You donâtneed to memorize the different stages of each process but I wantyou do understand major purpose of each process. What is happeningto the genetic material (chromosomes) at each stage of theseprocesses?

6.Why is understanding the cellcycle and mitosis important for developing cancer treatments? Howdo cancer treatments affect this process?

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01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Kinetochore, G1 Phase, Metaphase

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