01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Double Bond, Hydroxy Group, Carboxylic Acid
24 Dec 2015
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Document Summary
Hydrocarbon- organic molecule: comprised of carbon and hydrogen; bonded by nonpolar covalent bond, methane (ch4, nonpolar, uncharged. Ionized form: polar, hydrophilic ii, amines, nonionized, acts as proton (h+) accepter, bases, polar, hydrophilic ii. Ionized: amino group (nh2) nitrogen covalently bonded to two hydrogens, sulfhydryl (-sh, proteins, thiols, (-po4h2, one or two (h+) released, phosphate group, acidic, hydrophilic, phospholipids, nucleic acids, methyl group (-ch3, nonpolar, hydrophobic. Carbohydrates: ch2o, sugars- building blocks, between 3-7 carbons, hydroxyl group, carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, very hydrophilic, ose (name endings, monosaccharaides single sugars (fig 5. 3) (fig 5. 4, disaccharide- two monosaccharides. Ex: glucose (c6h12o6) aldehyde (terminal carbonyl) (liner or ring form) Linked via glycosidic linkage (covalent bond: maltose= glucose + glucose, sucrose= glucose + fructose (table sugar, lactose= glucose + galactose (milk sugar) Enzyme that breaks down lactose= lactase: polysaccharide- polymer produced when 100-1000s sugars are linked (fig.
