01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Homologous Chromosome, Somatic Cell, Meiosis

29 views5 pages

sangriahare606

15 Mar 2016

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and variation. Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next. Variation is demonstrated by the differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings. Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes. Children do not inherit particular physical traits from their parents; it is genes that are actually inherited. Genes are the units of heredity and are made up of segments of dna. Genes are passed to the next generation via reproductive cells called gametes (sperm and eggs) In asexual reproduction, a single individual passes genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes. A clone is a group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent. In sexual reproduction, 2 parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes from the 2 parents. In sexual life cycles fertilization and meiosis alternate.

Related Questions

there could be more than one answer or no answer at all

1. _____ Females that reproduce sexually versus asexually are said to incur a âtwo-fold cost of sexual reproduction.â Which of the following costs are associated with sexual reproduction for females?

A) MALES! That do-nothing lot really does not directly contribute offspring to the next generation. Females would be better off making all daughters.

B) FEMALES! In most natural settings, those daughters compete with their mothers for potential mates and resources needed to successfully reproduce.

C) MITOSIS! Since sexual reproduction can produce many more offspring than asexual reproduction, there are energetic costs associated with the mitotic divisions required to produce those offspring.

D) MEIOSIS! Every time a gamete is produced, the parent loses a little bit of itself. Half to be precise since only half of its genes are passed on to sexually produced offspring.

E) DIVERSITY! Mothers maximize fitness if all offspring are genetically just like them. Sexual reproduction causes genetic diversity, which ultimately lowers the fitness of both parents.

Just to keep you in practice, a couple of the much beloved multiple multiple choiceâ¦

1. An increase in CO₂ levels in the blood directly or indirectly causes which of the following?

A) an increases in ventilation rate

B) a decrease in the pH

C) a decrease in hemogloginâs binding affinity for O₂

D) a decrease in the O₂ levels in the blood

E) an immediate increase in the number of red blood cells found in the blood stream

2. _____ Females that reproduce sexually versus asexually are said to incur a âtwo-fold cost of sexual reproduction.â Which of the following costs are associated with sexual reproduction for females?

A) MALES! That do-nothing lot really does not directly contribute offspring to the next generation. Females would be better off making all daughters.

B) FEMALES! In most natural settings, those daughters compete with their mothers for potential mates and resources needed to successfully reproduce.

C) MITOSIS! Since sexual reproduction can produce many more offspring than asexual reproduction, there are energetic costs associated with the mitotic divisions required to produce those offspring.

D) MEIOSIS! Every time a gamete is produced, the parent loses a little bit of itself. Half to be precise since only half of its genes are passed on to sexually produced offspring.

E) DIVERSITY! Mothers maximize fitness if all offspring are genetically just like them. Sexual reproduction causes genetic diversity, which ultimately lowers the fitness of both parents.

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Homologous Chromosome, Somatic Cell, Meiosis

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Homologous Chromosome, Y Chromosome, Somatic Cell

01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Gamete, Ploidy, Single Parent

01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Asexual Reproduction, Meiosis, Sexual Reproduction

Related Questions