01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Multicellular Organism, Sister Chromatids, Genetic Variation
13 Jul 2016
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Heredity: transmission of traits from one generation to the next = inheritance. Variation differences between individuals (child to parent and siblings) Gametes: reproductive cells that transmit genes from one generation to next. Types of reproduction: asexual reproduction, single parent produces offspring. Multi-cellular organisms bud or fragment: offspring are result of mitotic division. 1 diploid (2n) parent 2 diploid offspring. 1 haploid (n) parent 2 haploid offspring: clones are produced: offspring are exact copies of each other and of parent, advantages: Avoid time and energy to find mate. Produce lots of progeny (well adapted to environment: sexual reproduction, union of 2 gametes (sex cells) to form a zygote. Gamete (n) + gamete (n) zygote (2n) = fertilization. Gametes usually from different parents (egg and sperm: gametes are result of meiotic division. Each diploid (2n) parents 4 haploid (n) cells 9half the # of x) 1 diploid offspring: offspring not genetically identical to parents (not clonal, advantages:
