01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Medulla Oblongata, Nasal Cavity, Cough Reflex
12 Jun 2017
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Lecture 22: respiration and excretion: respiration, review and introduction. A. a)organismic respiration = movement of oxygen into cells and carbon dioxide out of cell. If your skin in <1 mm thick no special transport systems needed, simple diffusion is fine (a. b. 2) If your skin larger than ~1mm thick: systems adapted for gas exchange (a. b. 2. i)four types: skin/surface, gills, tracheal tubes, and lungs (a. b. 2. ii) Thin walls (a. b. 2. ii. ii) large surface area (a. b. 2. ii. iii) moist (a. b. 2. ii. iv) lots of blood vessels: comparison of respiratory systems. Extend out of body surfaces and in contact with circulatory system (b. a. 2) In fish: if still, water would soon deplete (b. a. 3. i) operculum pumps water over gills (b. a. 4) Gills in bony fish and counter current exchange: maximizes oxygen removal from water diffusion. Two types on land: (b. b. 1. i) tracheal system in insects (b. b. 1. ii) Trachea tracheoles gas exchange in cells (b. c. 2) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is delivered specifically to each cell: high water loss but very effective: mammalian respiration.
