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01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Inner Cell Mass, Archenteron, Germ Layer

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ivoryant268
25 Jul 2017
School
Rutgers University
Department
Biological Science
Course
01:119:116
Professor
D.Stern- Cardinale

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Document Summary

Human development: seq, c/c, iov human development. From synthesis to mitosis cycle during cleavage, to m g1 s g2 cycle. Morphogenesis cellular and tissue-based process by which animal body takes shape. Occurs during next two states of development: gastrulation and organogenesis. Morphological process by which hollow blastula becomes a layered embryo (gastrula) Blastopore open end of archenteron (becomes anus) See figure 47. 8 (1) mesenchyme cells at vegetal pole migrate into blastocoel. Later secrete caco3 simple skeleton (2) vegetal plate forms. Cells flatten buckles inward beginning of invagination (3) archenteron forms. Mesenchyme cells at tip produce filopodia thin extensions that extend towards opposite wall. Filopodia contract, pull archenteron across blastocoel (4) archenteron fuses with blastocoel wall. Gastrula with mouth, anus, 3 germ layers, and cilia (allows for movement) Cell movements begin on dorsal (back) side of blastula. See figure 47. 10 (1) cells on dorsal side invaginate.

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Related Questions

  1. An organism with extensive yolk, such as the chick,

A) has incompletecleavage. D)forms a blastoderm but no blastocoel.

B) has yolk evenly distributed in the egg. E) has completecleavage.

C) fails to synthesize DNA duringcleavage.

  1. Invagination

A) occurs in sea urchins.

B) forms the archenteron in echinoderms.

C) creates unique positions for new cell interactions.

D) requires unique cell movement.

E) All of the above

  1. When the blastopore dorsal lip is grafted from one frog embryoonto a second embryo, the second dorsal lip will

A) change the developmental fate of the surrounding cells.

B) change the polarity of the adjacent segments.

C) cause rapid cell division.

D) block gastrulation.

E) change the prospective potency of the surrounding cells.

  1. Gastrulation in birds differs in many ways from gastrulation infrogs. The main feature that both have in common is that

A) the neural tube forms.

B) somites are created.

C) cells from the surface of the blastocyst migrate to form thegut.

D) three germ layers are established.

E) All of the above

  1. In humans, the secondary oocyte forms:
  1. at ovulation.
  2. during telophase I.
  3. after fertilization.
  4. at birth.
  5. all of the above.

  1. In Ascaris:
  1. The secondary oocyte is fertilized.
  2. Two polar bodies are visible when the secondary oocyte is inprophase II.
  3. Both a haploid and a diploid nucleus are present in a primaryoocyte during early prophase I.
  4. Cell plates are formed during both anaphase I and anaphaseII.
  5. No correct answer is given.
  1. A gastrula is:

a. an embryo that is younger than a blastula.

b. a stage in development that has three tissue layers.

c. a type of egg that has yolk concentrated at one end of thecell.

d. an opening in the center of an early embryo.

e. something else

  1. A human cell containing 22 autosomes and one Y chromosome isa

a. somatic cell of amale b. zygote

c. somatic cell of afemale d. a sperm e. an ovum

  1. The spermatogonium is ________ , and the primary spermatocyteis __________ .

a. diploid,haploid b. haploid, diploid

c. haploid,haploid d. diploid,diploid e. triploid, diploid

  1. The first cavity formed in the rapidly dividing starfish embryois the:

a. Blastoderm. b. Archenteron.

c. Neural groove. d. Blastocoel. e. Trophoblast.