01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Flatworm, Pituitary Gland, Neural Tube
17 Aug 2016
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As we continue through the rest of the bodies systems, each time link the part of the brain with how each system is regulated. A. introduction: increased survival and reproduction in changing environments, increased body complexity -> increased nervous system complexity. B. cnidarians: hydra and jellyfish: simplest animals with nervous system, diploblasts, no central control organ, nerve net- interconnected neurons. C. echinoderms: sea star: nerve ring- central control structure, signals radial nerves, signals muscles through radial nerves. E. nervous system correlates with lifestyle: chiton: slow-moving -> simple, squid: fast-moving -> complex. F. vertebrates: brain and spinal cord = cns, nerves and ganglia = pns. A. types- support the neurons (important: figure 49. 3: 1. ) Ependymal cells: line the cavities of cns, cells are ciliated to promote the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, 2. ) Astrocytes: star cells of cns, dilate blood vessels near cns, regulate composition of cns fluid, remove excess k+ and neurotransmitters, promote blood/brain barrier, 3. )
