01:119:101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cysteine, Cytosine, Glycerol

• School: Rutgers University
• Department: Biological Science
• Course: 01:119:101
• Professor: Professor Beal

Document Summary

Biological importance of carbon: living organisms consist mostly of: a. i. Organic compounds = contain carbon bonded to another carbon or hydrogen a. ii. 2. Organic chemistry = study of carbon compounds a. iii. 6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons: carbon chains = skeletons of most organic molecules, hydrocarbons = only carbon and hydrogen (ex. Nonpolar and uncharged hydrophobic insoluble c. ii. Structure of functional groups is key to molecular functions, designated by r. c. iii. Any hydrogen can be replaced by a functional group = change group d. Isomers = compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but have different structures thus different properties: function groups = r e. i. There are 4 ways that carbon skeletons vary: e. i. 1. e. i. 2. e. i. 3. e. i. 4. Sugars with ketone = ketoses (internal carbonyl group) Acts as an acid b/c covalent bond b/t o and h are polar. Acts as a base; can pick up an h+ from surrounding solution.