01:510:261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Fannie Lou Hamer
13 May 2018
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Chapter 25 - The Sixties, 1960–1968
1. Escalation of civil rights protest
1. High points
1. Sit-in campaigns
1. Origins at Greensboro
2. Spread across South
2. Founding of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC)
3. Freedom Rides
1. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
2. Purpose
3. Experience
4. Outcome: desegregation of interstate bus travel
4. Birmingham desegregation campaign
1. Climax of region-wide demonstrations
2. Leadership of Martin Luther King Jr.
1. Letter from Birmingham Jail
2. Deployment of black school children
3. Brutal response of "Bull" Connor; widespread
revulsion over
4. Impact on public opinion
1. Growing sympathy for civil rights
2. Presidential endorsement of movement
5. Outcome: adoption of desegregation plan
2. Themes and characteristics
1. Growing involvement of college students, youth
2. Vision of empowerment of ordinary blacks
3. Commitment to nonviolent resistance
4. Multiplicity of organizations, settings, and strategies
3. Escalation of violent response
1. Perpetrators
1. Ordinary citizens
2. Local and state officials
2. Targets, episodes
1. Firebombing, beatings of Freedom Riders
2. Mob violence against desegregation of University of
Mississippi
3. Use of fire hoses, dogs, beatings against Birmingham
protesters
4. Assassination of Medgar Evers
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5. Deadly bombing of Birmingham church
4. March on Washington
1. Magnitude
2. As peak of nonviolent civil rights coalition
3. Breadth of demands
4. King's "I Have a Dream" speech
5. Glimpses of movement's limitations and fault lines
1. All-male roster of speakers
2. Toning down of John Lewis's speech
2. The Kennedy presidency
1. John F. Kennedy (JFK)
1. Image of glamour, dynamism
2. Inaugural themes
1. ". . . new generation . . ."
2. ". . . pay any price . . ."
3. ". . . do for your country."
2. JFK and the world
1. New Cold War initiatives
1. Peace Corps
2. Space race; call for moon landing
3. Alliance for Progress
2. Bay of Pigs fiasco
3. Berlin crisis; construction of Berlin Wall
4. Cuban missile crisis
1. Narrative
1. Discovery of Soviet missiles in Cuba
2. U.S. "quarantine" of Cuba
3. Soviet withdrawal of missiles
2. Significance and aftermath
1. Imminence of nuclear war
2. Sobering effect on JFK; American University
speech
3. Nuclear test ban treaty
3. JFK and civil rights
1. Initial disengagement
2. Growing support
4. Assassination of JFK
1. Shock to nation
2. Succession of Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) to presidency
3. The Johnson presidency
1. LBJ
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1. Personal background
2. New Deal outlook
2. Civil rights under LBJ
1. Civil Rights Act
1. Support from LBJ
2. Provisions
2. Voter registration drive in Mississippi: Freedom Summer
1. Concerted civil rights initiative
2. Influx of white college students
3. Violent reception
1. Bombings, beatings
2. Murder of three activists
3. Widespread revulsion over
3. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
1. Crusade for representation at Democratic convention
2. Fannie Lou Hamer
3. Bitterness over Democrats' response
4. Voting Rights Act
1. Background
1. Selma-to-Montgomery march
2. LBJ address to Congress
2. Provisions
5. Twenty-Fourth Amendment
6. Immigration reform: Hart-Cellar Act
1. Links to civil rights reform
2. Provisions
3. Long-term consequences
3. 1964 election
1. Right-wing views of Republican Barry Goldwater
2. Emergence of Sixties conservatism
1. Young Americans for Freedom
1. Sharon Statement
2. Ideas
3. Prominence in Barry Goldwater's 1964
campaign
2. New conservative constituencies
1. Expanding suburbs of southern California,
Southwest
2. Sun Belt entrepreneurs
3. Deep South whites
3. Racial overtones of conservative appeal
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