01:506:201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Kuomintang, Slavs, Appeasement
17 May 2018
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Chapter 31
A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order
1. Introduction
1. World War II
1. Officially started in 1939 after decade of aggression
2. Aggression of Axis powers went unchecked - appeasement
2. Failure to unite
1. Nationalism plus Red Fear/Scare of Soviets prevented early
alliance
2. W/in each government disagreement on how to respond
1. Some actually felt guilty about Versailles
3. League of Nations a joke
1. Italy and Japan merely left the League after censured
4. Axis/Fascist leaders laughed at treaties - diplomacy a joke
1. Brilliant method of delaying intervention of enemy
2. Old and New Causes of a Second World War
1. China vs. Japan
1. China looking stronger - Chiang Kai-shek uniting/defeating
warlords
1. Could Nationalist (Guomindang) party pose a threat
2. Afraid Chinese would retake Manchuria
2. Japan gradually becomes militaristic
2. Germany - Weimar Republic weak - blamed for Versailles
1. Great Depression made life look worse
1. Adolf Hitler takes advantage
2. Nazis made a ton of promises
1. German people back to work
2. Ignore diktat of Versailles
3. Turn back Communist push
1. Actually wants to enslave Slavic peoples
2. Steps to taking over Europe/becoming poweful
1. Destroy parliament/political system > totalitarian
2. Ignore diplomacy of Versailles
3. Rearm/remilitarize
1. Not afraid to bomb cities/use poison gas
4. Forced union with Austria
5. Annexation of Czechoslovakia
3. Mussollini - big, bad Italian man gets courage to take over
Ethiopia
4. Spanish Civil War - becomes training ground for new weapons
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find more resources at oneclass.com
1. Franco wins with Axis support, but doesn't help Axis in war
3. Unchecked Aggression and the Coming of War in Europe and the
Pacific
1. Introduction
1. US, Britain, France appeasment
1. Sacrifice small nations to protect themselves
2. Fear of another world war
3. Want to focus on welfare states, not military states
2. Japan first to attack - invaded China from Manchukuo
1. Japanese moderate political leaders silenced
1. Fear of assassination from military officers
2. Initially quite successful, but when they lose, they get
medieval
1. Rape of Nanjing - horrific treatment of Chinese
civilians - 1937
1. Symbolic beginning of horrific war of
suffering
3. Japan and China in war for Asia far before 1941
3. Japan, Germany, Italy did not coordinate attacks
4. Germany needs to attack Soviet Union - lebensraum - living
space
1. First, signs nonaggression agreement with Soviets
1. Buys time, splits Poland, can now invade from
Poland
5. British/France declare war once Poland is attacked
1. Prepare for another trench warfare, unfortunately
Hitler doesn't play fair
4. The Conduct of a Second Global War
1. Introduction
1. Hitler's victories stunningly fast
1. West's reluctance to arm/react decisively
2. War shifts once Germans get stuck in Russian winter
1. Anglo-American, Soviet alliance has more #s,
industry, technology
2. Nazi Blitzkrieg, Stalemate, and the Long Retreat
1. Blitzkrieg - lightning fast war
1. Coordinate tanks, mechanized troop carriers, fighter
aircraft/bombers
2. Penetrate deep into nation - hit capital hard
3. Severely punished civilian population that didn't
surrender
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find more resources at oneclass.com
4. In months, French defeated, British pushed back
across the Channel
2. Why did France lose so quickly?
1. Gov't couldn't agree on what to do - left vs. right
argued
2. Weapons painfully outdated
3. Civilian population demoralized
4. Only Vichy France in South exists - puppet
government
3. Turns to invasion of Britain - strong air force + growingly
powerful army
1. Battle of Britain - Britain actually holds off
1. Strong leadership of Churchill/war cabinet
2. Radar detection discovered Nazi flight plans
3. Bravery of Britain's royal family
4. High morale of citizens
2. Land invasion called off, can't fight off British Navy
4. But Germany had taken over W. Europe, Scandinavia,
Mediterrenean, N. Africa
1. Conguered areas must provide
1. War materials, soldiers, slave labor
3. Hitler turns on Soviet union
1. Soviets easily pushed out of Finalnd, Poland, Baltic states,
but then winter kicks in
1. Soviets just won't surrender - body for bullet
2. Just kept retreating eastward
3. Nazi mass killings inspire guerilla warfare behind front
lines
4. Stopped at Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad
2. Fought most severe battles - Kursk, Stalingrad
1. Momentum shifts - Germany on the run
2. 1943 Soviets push west, 1944 on doorstep of Berlin
3. Sacrifices of Soviet soldiers/women/civilians led to
victory
4. From Persecution to Genocide: Hitler's War Against the Jews
1. First years of war Hitler persecuted non-Aryans
1. Gypsies, leftist politicians, homosexuals, Jews, Polish
intellectuals, communists
2. Once war seemed lost, and on defensive
1. Turned to "final solution" - Wannsee Conference -
1942 - extermination camps
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
A second global conflict and the end of the european world order. Ethiopia: spanish civil war - becomes training ground for new weapons, franco wins with axis support, but doesn"t help axis in war, unchecked aggression and the coming of war in europe and the. Poland: british/france declare war once poland is attacked, prepare for another trench warfare, unfortunately, the conduct of a second global war. Palestine: anglo-american offensives, encirclement, and the end of the 12- Year reich: american interaction, primarily supplies at first - us gov"t hesitant, Battle of the bulge: by june 1945 us and soviets divisive over how to divide. 1942: gandhi, nehru thrown in jail, british have backing of communists and muslim. League: muslim league - muhammad ali jinnah - wartime support, british like him, he wants separate muslim. India: churchill loses 1945 election, labor party ready to deal, 1945-1947 - what type of india, muslims propagandize that hindu dominated.
