01:506:201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Marquis De Condorcet, Premarital Sex, Industrial Revolution
17 May 2018
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Chapter 23
The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West, 1750-1914
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
1. Major Themes
1. Political Upheaval – age of revolution 1775-1848
2. Exportation of western European institutions to settler
societies
2. Major Changes
1. Monarchies replaced by parliaments (extensive
voting)
2. North America emerges as major force in world
economics
3. Series of disruptions
1. New cultural forms – some challenge/support
Enlightened thought
2. New states – Germany and United States
3. Led to new alliances – which led to the Great War
4. Phases of Western transformation
1. 1750-1775 – Period of growing crisis
2. 1775-1850 – political revolution simultaneously with
industrial revolution
3. 1850-1914 – implications of industrial revolution
2. Optimism in Chaos
1. Marquis de Condorcet – “Progress of the Human Mind”
1. Due to literacy/education – mankind on the verge of
perfection
1. This humble man died in jail
2. The Age of Revolution
1. Forces of Change
1. Cultural change – change in intellectual thought –
Enlightenment
1. Political thought – challenged government
1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau – government based
on general will
2. Gap between leaders and thinkers – this isn’t a
good precedent
2. Also encouraged economic/social change
2. New businesspeople challenged old aristocracy
1. New power structure vs. old economic values
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3. Population revolution
1. better border control – kept out those annoying
immigrants with disease
2. improved nutrition
3. Effects
1. upper class needed to control their position –
feel threatened
2. can’t inherit property > join working class
3. rapid expansion of domestic manufacturing
1. protoindustrialization – set foundation for
future capitalism
1. putting out system – capitalism out
of your house
1. run by merchants – materials,
work orders, sales
4. altered behaviors
1. consumer mentality – keeping up with the
Joneses
2. premarital sex
3. parents lose control – can’t threaten
inheritance anymore
4. defiance of authority
2. The American Revolution
1. A Sortof Revolution – change of power from one group of
elites to another
1. Enlightened ideas used to justify switch, desire for
political office
2. Atlantic coast colonies win
1. Why? - British blunders + French help
2. Set up new government – incorporated
Enlightened ideas
1. Montesquieu – checks and balances –
divided branches
2. Civil liberties – but…kept that thing called
slavery
3. Voting rights
3. Crisis in France in 1789
1. This would set precedent that would transform all of Europe
2. Causes
1. Ideological factors – Enlightenment pressure – limit
Church/aristocracy
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2. Social changes – merchant class wanted more power
3. Peasants pressed by population issues – want
freedom from aristocracy
4. Catalyst – economic problems by French gov’t -
series of wars/Versailles
3. Louis XVI – calls Estates General
1. Supposed to be three estates – but turns into National
Assembly
2. King gives this legitimacy after riots, women
marching, and chaos
4. Summer of discontent
1. National Assembly – passes Declaration of the Rights
of Man and Citizen
2. Storming of Bastille – symbol of repression –
destroyed almost vacant prison
3. Great Fear – riots on countryside lead to Great Flight
4. Led to monumental changes
1. Seizure of church lands
2. New parliament to restrict king
3. Freedom religion, press, property
4. The French Revolution: Radical and Authoritarian Phases
1. Enters Radical Phase in 1792
1. Reign of Terror – get rid of monarchy
2. Push revolution further
3. Executed potential threats – guillotine becomes
weapon of choice
2. Maximilien Robespierre
1. Leader of radical phase
1. Lost touch with issues of the people
1. Creates new religion – cult of the
Supreme Being
2. Doesn’t listen to issues of urban dwellers
2. Eventually arrested himself
3. New changes
1. Proclaimed universal manhood suffrage
2. Universal weights and measures – crazy dudes
3. slavery abolished
4. universal military conscription – loyalty to the state
1. Now France has a huge, motivated army
2. Makes Europe nervous – spread revolutionary
ideals
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