01:447:390 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, Microbiology, Pilus
Document Summary
Microbiology in historical context: late 17th microscopy. 21st bioinformatics: dna analysis using computers, pcr, human genome project pushed sequencing forward. Cells of bacteria and archaea: morphology: cell shape, prokaryotic cell, fimbria, pili, flagella, capsule; slime layer, cell wall, every cell has cytoplasmic membrane, ribosomes, etc. The cytoplasmic membrane and transport: cytoplasmic membrane, vital barrier separates cytoplasm from environment (8-10nm so pretty thin, highly selective permeable barrier: Excretion of waste products: regulating fluidity. 2. 7 membrane structure: archaeal membranes, ether linkages in phospholipids of archaea, archaeal lipids contain isoprenes; lack fatty acids, major lipids are glycerol diethers and tetraethers. Can exist as lipid monolayers (provide membrane stability), bilayers of mixture. See if the organism has a gene for this. Cell walls of bacteria and archaea: bacteria, many species of bacteria classified into two groups based on reaction to the gram stain. Gram-positive cell wall: one layer: peptidoglycan. Gram-negative cell wall: two layers: lps and peptidoglycan, some have cell walls, some don"t.
