01:460:206 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Binomial Nomenclature, Tyrannosaurus, Cladistics
9 Sep 2019
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Evolution descent with modification: changes in a biological species through time, changes in gene frequencies in a population through time. Natural selection: traits are inherited from parent to offspring, organisms vary, too many offspring are produces to survive, organisms with trains suited to environment will survive and reproduce. Evolutionary fitness: survive and reproduce, differential reproductive success. Linnaean classification system: kingdom, phylum, class, order, superfamily, family, subfamily, genus, species. Binomial nomenclature: tyrannosaurus (genus) rex (species) Species: an array of populations, actually or potentially interbreeding, reproductively isolated from other populations, in the natural state. Scientific method: hypothesis (educated guess, data collection (empirical evidence, falsifiable (disproved, replicable (repeated) William buckland: first to discover/describe dinosaurs. Joseph leidy: hadrosaurus, first dinosaur found in north america. John ostrom: dinosaurs are ancestors of birds. Monophyletic group all members have a single common ancestor (whole cladogram) Polyphyletic group all members are descended from different ancestor. Holophyletic group single ancestor (individual groups)
