01:510:102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Seven Deadly Sins, Scholasticism, Emphasized Bible
12 May 2018
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Chapter 13 - Reformation
Protestant Reformation Notes
Sola Scriptura: The “word alone”, battle cry of the reformation
Why did Luther succeed where Huss and Wycliff failed?
• Problems were facing the church:
1. Renaissance Popes were too worldly
2. Church officials were poorly educated
3. Priests were not following the rules (wives / worldly)
4. People developed higher standards
• educationally / socially
• Christian Humanists & leaders of the Northern Renaissance who
focused on Religion presented new ideas.
1. Printing press (permissive cause)
2. In the north Italian Humanism was combined with tradition
theology = Christian Humanism
Italian Humanism:
- Secular interests
- Classical culture (Texts and language)
- Beauty of prose
- Examined words and their meaning
Christian Humanists:
- Reform movement
- Applied the ideals of humanism to church
doctrine
- Sought to make people better Christians
- Education of Women
- Challenged Church education:
Scholasticism (form of teaching and
learning), rote memorization emphasized,
no critical thinking
Impact:
• Challenged the church education
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• Established a new intellectual elite (16th Century)
• Use their ability to reexamine church doctrine, help people become
better Christians
1. Erasmus
• Goal was to unite the individual Christian with textual basis
of Christian doctrine
1. Attacked scholasticism, superstition and tradition to
restore Christ to a central role in people’s lives
1. In Praise of Folly
• made fun of illiterate and innumerate people in society
• Priests get especially harsh treatment- illiterate
1. Thomas More - Utopia (“no place”)
• society based on reason / mercy (Plato’s Republic +
Monastic life)
1. no greed, corruption, war or crime (abolished the 7
deadly sins)
• Goal was to instruct people to live a more Christian life
• A society founded on Christian principles would lead to a
Christian life
Why did these writers have such a great effect over people’s ideas?
3. Invention of the Printing press
• 1455 movable type and paper emerged resulting in the first printing
press.
1. in 50 years 9-10 million books were printed.
2. Bible is the first book printed by Johann Gutenburg
• Education increased
• Enabled government to increase uniformity of law
• Helped spread newly emerging scientific ideas
• Standardize language (Latin and Vernacular)
• Increased the value placed on the discovery of new ideas
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Reformation:
• people form own ideas about religion
• new ideas spread more quickly
• people criticize the church more
• New economic pressure
1. Economic innovation of the Renaissance led people to become
more independent in their daily lives
2. Fostered increasing resentment of the church tithes (and
government taxes of the New Monarchs)
3. Wealth form the new world
5. Political conditions
• Feudal system had begun to give way towards a more nationalist
worldview
• Kings / Princes will resent influence / interference of the church and rival
political leaders
1. Reformation became a way to challenge political authority
• Pressure from Ottoman Empire prevented military oppression of
Reformation
Result: The emergence of all these conditions at the same instant in time
‘permitted’ the reformation to occur.
Martin Luther Notes
Specific Problems:
Church
• Simony = buying and selling of church offices
• Nepotism = granting of church offices based on family relation
• Pluralism = holding several church offices at the same time
• Absenteeism = not showing up for work
• Relics = pilgrimages to worship holy relics (ie. a saints finger)
Catholic Doctrine:
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Document Summary
Sola scriptura: the word alone , battle cry of the reformation. Applied the ideals of humanism to church doctrine. Scholasticism (form of teaching and learning), rote memorization emphasized, no critical thinking. Monastic life: no greed, corruption, war or crime (abolished the 7 deadly sins, goal was to instruct people to live a more christian life, a society founded on christian principles would lead to a. Increased the value placed on the discovery of new ideas. Result: the emergence of all these conditions at the same instant in time. Martin luther: believed that salvation comes from faith in god . A monk named tetzel was raising money by selling letters of indulgence (gave the purchaser the freedom from penance: tetzel was leading the purchasers to believe that the letter of. Indulgence was freeing them from all responsibility for their actions. It looked like one could buy their way into heaven.
