11:709:255 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Dehydration Reaction, Monomer, Hydrolysis
Document Summary
Nutrients are a component of food that is needed to perform a physiological body function: nutrients include, carbohydrates: energy, proteins: muscle repair/building, lipids: cell membranes/hormones, minerals, vitamins. Many organic molecules important to life are macromolecules. Macromolecules: large molecule: smaller molecules (subunits) join to form macromolecules. Polymer: a large molecule made up of many small, repeated molecules. Monomer: the small, repeated molecules that form a polymer. Dehydration reaction: the removal of water that allows subunits (monomers) to link together into larger molecules (polymers) Hydrolysis reaction: the addition of water that breaks larger molecules (polymers) into their subunits (monomers) (lysis = break) Carbohydrates: sugars, starches, and celluloses (fiber: function: energy (quick, short term, c, h, and o, atomic grouping h-c-oh, simple and complex forms together milk, monosaccharide simplest carbohydrate (one ring) Examples: glucose (a hexose) bodies use for immediate energy, fructose fruit, galactose milk, disaccharide- two monosaccharides covalently bonded. Lactose - glucose + galactose (principle carb in.