01:830:321 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Ingroups And Outgroups, The Territorial Imperative, Anabolic Steroid

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Hostile aggression is an act of aggression stemming from feelings of anger and aimed only at inflicting pain. Instrumental aggression is aggression that serves as a means to some goal just than causing pain, exp: hitman - someone who is paid to kill someone else, the incentive is the money, not hostility towards the person. Thanatos. displaced outward, thanatos becomes aggression toward others. Universality of animal aggression: e. g. , the territorial imperative and dominance hierarchies. Amygdala & hypothalamus: aggressive behaviors and expressions of hostility/anger/irritation, etc, are mediated by neural activity in these limbic system structures. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter in the brain that may inhibit aggressive impulses - deficiencies are related to aggressive behavior. Testosterone is a male sex hormone associated with aggression. Testosterone and aggression men their age and size results in increase in aggressive behavior whether animal is male or female. Animal experiments - animals can be exposed to testosterone both pre and postnatally -

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