01:830:101 Lecture 3: Psychology 101 Module 3 AND 4 Outline
6 Jun 2018
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Module 3 Outline: Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask & Answer Questions
The Scientific Method: is the process of testing ideas about the world by
▪ Setting up situations that test our ideas
▪ Making careful, organized observations
▪ Analyzing whether the data fit with our ideas
▪ Theory
▪ Explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and
predicts behaviors or events
▪ Hypothesis
▪ Testable prediction, often implied by a theory
▪ Operational definition
▪ Carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a
research study
▪ Replication
▪ Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in
different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants
and circumstances
▪ Testing hypothesis and refining theories
▪ Description: describe behaviors, often by using case studies, surveys, or
naturalistic observations.
▪ Correlation: associate different factors.
▪ Causation: cause of an effect
▪ Experiments: methods manipulate, or vary, factors to discover their effects.
Case Studies
▪ Descriptive technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing
universal principles
▪ Oldest in research
▪ Can be misleading
▪ Provides fruitful ideas
▪ Cannot be generalized
Naturalistic Observation
▪ Descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring
situations without trying to change or control the situation
The Survey
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01:830:101 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Module 3 outline: research strategies: how psychologists ask & answer questions. Case studies: descriptive technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles, oldest in research, can be misleading, provides fruitful ideas, cannot be generalized. Naturalistic observation: descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to change or control the situation. The survey: descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of that group, representative sample: statistical population that reflects the population members. Regression toward the mean: refers to the tendency for extreme or unusual scores or events to fall back toward the average. Illusory correlation: refers to the perception of a relationship between two variables when only a. Correlation and causation: no matter how strong the relationship, correlation does not prove causation, correlation indicates the possibility of a cause-effect relationship, but does not prove it.
