01:830:101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Subliminal Stimuli, David H. Hubel, Neural Adaptation
6 Jun 2018
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Module 18: Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception
Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception
▪ Sensation and perception are actually parts of one continuous process.
▪ Sensation
▪ Bottom-up process by which the physical sensory system receives and represents stimuli
at the very basic level of sensory receptors and works up
▪ Perception
▪ Top-down mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory input from experience
and expectations
▪ Bottom-up processing is sensory analysis that begins at the entry level, with information flowing
from the sensory receptors to the brain.
▪ Bottom-up processing is sensory analysis that begins at the entry level, with information flowing
from the sensory receptors to the brain.
▪ All our senses
▪ Receive sensory stimulation, often using specialized receptor cells
▪ Transform that stimulation into neural impulses
▪ Deliver the neural information to our brain
▪ Transduction
▪ Conversion of one form of energy into another
▪ Psychophysics—studies relationship between physical energy we can detect and its
effect on our psychological experiences
How much stimuli does it take to have a sensation?
▪ We are ignorant of many stimuli
▪ X-rays, radio waves, low and high frequency sounds
▪ Absolute threshold-Fechner
▪ Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
▪ Can see a far away light in the dark, feel the slightest touch
Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception
▪ Signal detection theory
▪ Predicts how and when we will detect a faint stimulus amid background noise
▪ Individual absolute thresholds vary
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Document Summary
Module 18: basic concepts of sensation and perception. Basic concepts of sensation and perception: signal detection theory, predicts how and when we will detect a faint stimulus amid background noise. Individual absolute thresholds vary: depending on the strength of the signal and also on our experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness, subliminal. Input, below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness- stimuli you cannot detect. 50 % of the time: priming, activating, often unconsciously, associations in our mind, thus setting us up to perceive, remember, or respond to objects or events in certain ways masking stimuli often used. Basic concepts of sensation and perception: sensory adaptation, we need above all to know about changes; no one wants or needs to be reminded 16 hours a day that his shoes are o(cid:374). , neuroscientist david hubel (1979) Is diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation: aids focus by reducing background chatter. Influences how the world is perceived in a personally useful way.
