BIOL 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Archibald Garrod, Start Codon, Transcription Factor
Document Summary
Flow of genetic information: information of dna is in the form of speci c sequences of nucleotides, dna is inherited by an organism. Leads to speci c traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins: proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype, gene expressions: the process by which dna directs protein synthesis. Two stages: transcription & translation: evidence: Archibald garrod: first suggested that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze speci c chemical reactions, inherited disease cause symptoms that re ect the inability to synthesize a certain enzyme, linked genes to enzymes. Beadle & tatum: exposed bread mold to x-rays creating mutants that were unable to survive on minimal medium, identi ed 3 classes of arginine-de cient mutants. Each lacking a different enzyme necessary for making arginine: developed a one gene, one enzyme hypothesis. States that each gene dictates the production of a speci c enzyme. Developing story: some proteins aren"t enzymes.
