CHEM 130 Lecture 8: Lecture 8
Document Summary
Sources of alkanes: gasoline, the demand of gasoline is much greater than that supplied by the gasoline fraction of petroleum, converting hydrocarbons from other fractions of petroleum into gasoline by catalytic cracking . Isooctane burns very smoothly (without knocking) in internal combustion engines and is used as one of the standards by which the octane rating of gasoline is established. Structures of hydrocarbons: hydrocarbon: a compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen. Saturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon containing only carbon-carbon single bonds: alkane: a saturated hydrocarbon whose carbons are arranged in an open chain, aliphatic hydrocarbon: an alternative name for an alkane. Shape: tetrahedral geometry (all carbons are sp3 hybridized), all bond angles are approximately 109. 5 . Shapes of alkanes: all carbon atoms in alkanes and cycloalkanes are sp3 -hybridized, and they all have a tetrahedral geometry, even straight-chain alkanes are not straight.
