ECON 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Money Creation, Federal Open Market Committee, Reserve Requirement

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6 Nov 2016

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A medium of exchange money is an asset used to buy and sell goods and services. A store of value money is an asset at allows people to transfer purchasing power from one period to another. A unit of account money is a unit of measurement used by people to post prices and keep track of revenues and costs. How the supply of money affects its value. The main thing that makes money valuable is the same thing that generates value for other commodities: the demand (for money) relative to its supply. People demand money because it reduces the cost of exchange. If the purchasing power of money is to remain stable over time, its supply must be limited: when the supply of money grows rapidly relative to goods and services, its purchasing power will fall. Two basic measurements of the money supply are m1 and m2.

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QUESTION 46

When the Fed buys a U.S. bond in the open market

		its action has no effect on the total reserves or the money supply because the check it writes increases reserves at one bank but they fall at another.
		its action expands total reserves and the money supply.
		its action contracts total reserves and the money supply.
		total reserves increase by the amount of the purchase but the money supply stays the same.

1.11 points

QUESTION 47

When the Fed sells government securities,

		reserves increase, leading to a decrease in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.
		reserves decrease, leading to a decrease in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.
		reserves increase, leading to a increase in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.
		reserves decrease, leading to a increase in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.

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QUESTION 48

The maximum potential money multiplier is equal to

		the reserve ratio.
		one minus the reserve ratio
		the inverse of the required reserve ratio.
		the number of dollars on reserve.

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QUESTION 49

The potential money multiplier gives us

		the growth in the money supply when income increases.
		the growth in real national income when the money supply increases.
		the maximum potential change in the money supply due to a change in income.
		the maximum potential change in the money supply due to a change in reserves.

1.11 points

QUESTION 50

An increase in the reserve ratio

		increases the money multiplier.
		will cause banks to make more loans.
		has an expansionary effect on the money supply.
		has a contractionary effect on the money supply.

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QUESTION 51

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures

		banks against lawsuits.
		the deposits held in member banks.
		the deposits held in the Fed.
		the federal funds market.

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QUESTION 52

Bank runs are a possibility because

		in difficult times people want currency instead of demand deposits.
		the FDIC is inefficient.
		banks do not keep enough reserves to cover all their depository liabilities.
		bankers are often poor businesspeople.

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QUESTION 53

The manner in which FDIC deposit insurance is set up in the United States encourages banks to

		make riskier loans than they otherwise would.
		reject some loans that probably would be profitable.
		maintain excess reserves that are too great.
		be too conservative in their lending practices.

1.11 points

QUESTION 54

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

		discourages banks from engaging in excessive risk taking.
		was established after the Panic of 1907.
		only insures deposits in money-center banks.
		increases the stability of the banking system by reducing the likelihood of bank runs.

1.11 points

QUESTION 55

What are the two features of money that distinguish it from all other goods in the economy?

		Money is government issued and it is redeemable for gold or silver.
		Money is part of every barter transaction and it is divisible.
		Money is accepted as a medium of exchange and it is the common unit of account used to express prices.
		Money is a common unit of account and it is also can be traded for other currencies at a guaranteed exchange rate.

1.11 points

QUESTION 56

Holding money to meet unplanned expenditures and emergencies is known as

		asset demand.
		precautionary demand.
		aggregate demand.
		transactions demand.

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QUESTION 57

When people want to hold money to make regular planned expenditures, this is

		the transaction demand for money.
		the spending demand for money.
		the asset demand for money.
		the precautionary demand for money.

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QUESTION 58

When interest rates rise, the transactions demand for money usually

		decreases.
		increases.
		decreases initially and then increases to the original position.
		does not change.

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QUESTION 59

As nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rises, the transactions demand for money

		increases, and the money demand curve shifts to the right.
		remains constant, and the money demand curve remains the same.
		decreases, and the money demand curve shifts to the left.
		increases, and the money demand curve shifts to the left.

1.11 points

QUESTION 60

One of the economic costs of holding currency is that

		it fulfills no precautionary role.
		it fulfills no transactions role.
		it earns no interest income.
		its real value always increases.

blacktrout920

1. Which of the following both increase the money supply?

an increase in the discount rate and an increase in the interest rate on reserves
an increase in the discount rate and a decrease in the interest rate on reserves
a decrease in the discount rate and an increase in the interest rate on reserves
a decrease in the discount rate and a decrease in the interest rate on reserves

2. In the U.S., the average adult holds about $3,700 in

currency.
wealth.
M1.
M2.

3. The measure of the money stock called M1 includes

wealth held by people in their checking accounts.
wealth held by people in their savings accounts.
wealth held by people in money market mutual funds.
everything that is included in M2 plus some additional items

4. When the Fed decreases the discount rate, banks will

5. Reserve requirements are regulations concerning

the amount banks are allowed to borrow from the Fed.
the amount of reserves banks must hold against deposits.
reserves banks must hold based on the number and type of loans they make.
the interest rate at which banks can borrow from the Fed.

6. When we say that trade is roundabout we mean that

people sometimes trade goods for goods.
trades require a double coincidence of wants.
currency is accepted primarily to make further trades.
people must spend time searching for the products they wish to purchase.

7. Values of Assets

Asset	Amount in $Billions
Small-time deposits	780
Large time deposits	1,700
Demand deposits	450
Other checkable deposits	370
Savings deposits	4950
Traveller's checks	5
Money market mutual funds	740
Currency	880
Miscellaneous categories of M2	50

Refer to Value of Assets. What is the value of M1 in billions of dollars?

1705
2485
6295
7075

8. In 1991, the Federal Reserve lowered the reserve requirement from 12 per cent to 10 per cent. Other things the same this should have

increased both the money multiplier and the money supply.
decreased both the money multiplier and the money supply.
increased the money multiplier and decreased the money supply.
decreased the money multiplier and increased the money supply.

9. Consider four survivors on an island.

Rupert	has machete	wants fishing spear
Amber	has cooking pot	wants fishing spear
Rob	has fishing spear	wants machete
Tom	has cooking pot	wants machete

Which of the following pairs of survivors has a double-coincidence of wants?

Rupert with Amber, and Rob with Tom
Amber with Tom
Rupert with Rob
None of the above is correct.

10. Economists use the term money to refer to

all wealth.
all assets, including real assets and financial assets.
all financial assets, but not real assets.
those types of wealth that are regularly accepted by sellers in exchange for goods and services.

crimsongrasshopper834

1. The market in which loans are bought and sold is called the:

		loan market.
		money market.
		secondary loan market.
		primary loan market.

2. Which of the following is omitted in a barter transaction?

		trade
		medium of exchange
		store of value
		money

3. If Bill performs plumbing upgrades for Alice in exchange for her incorporating his business, then their _________________________ will be satisfied.

		balance of trade
		double coincidence of wants
		convenience of exchange
		division of labour

4. If loans become far less available, then sectors of the economy that ______________ like business investment, home construction, and car manufacturing can be dealt a crushing blow.

		depend on borrowed money
		typically generate extraordinary gains
		make loans to financial capital markets
		failed to diversify risk

5. Stealth bank has deposits of $600 million. It holds reserves of $30 million and government bonds worth $80 million. If the bank sells its loans at the market value of $400 million, what will its total assets equal?

		$110 million
		$710 million
		$480 million
		$510 million

6. Lance paid $175,000 for his house in 2003 and sold it for $325,000 in 2006. What function did the house serve during the time Lance owned it?

		medium of exchange
		unit of account
		store of value
		unit of exchange

7.Which of the following terms is considered to be a narrow definition of the money supply that includes, among other things, currency?

		savings
		money
		M2
		M1

8. Which of the following institutions determines the quantity of money in the economy as its most important task?

		U.S. Department of the Treasury
		Federal Open Market Committee
		Central Bank
		Federal Reserve Board of Governors

9. How are the specific interest rates for the lending and borrowing markets determined?

		U.S. Treasury Department Board policy
		by the forces of supply and demand
		through open market operations
		by altering the discount rate

10.When the central bank lowers the reserve requirement on deposits:

		the money supply increases and interest rates decrease.
		the money supply and interest rates decrease.
		the money supply and interest rates increase.
		the money supply decreases and interest rates increase.

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ECON 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Money Creation, Federal Open Market Committee, Reserve Requirement

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