ENS 307 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Posturography, Basal Ganglia, Muscle Tone
23 Mar 2020
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Act of maintaining, achieving, or restoring a state of balance during an exercise or activity. Orientation: ability to maintain a relationship between the body segments, and the body and the environment around the task. Stability: ability to control the center of mass in relationship to the base of support. Center of mass (com): 10cm below the navel. Higher level planning (frontal cortex, motor cortex) Coordination (brainstem and spinal networks): maintain postural tone. Cerebellum: modify postural muscle response amplitudes in response to changing environmental and task conditions. Basal ganglia: the ability to quickly change muscle pattern in response to changing environmental and task conditions. Motor neurons and muscles: generation of forces that produce movement. Ideal alignment allows the body to be maintained in equilibrium with the least expenditure of energy. Tonic muscle contractions acting against gravity and stabilizing the positions of body segments. A certain level of muscle tone is present during a relaxed state.
