PHIL 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Logical Consequence, Causal Reasoning
Document Summary
Rational/logical: seeks truth and is swayed by facts and arguments. Appetitive/physical desires: drives you to eat, have sex, and protect yourself. Best human beings are ruled by their rational part. A group must always be a member of itself. Premise: a proposition used to justify a conclusion: deductive argument: If premises are true, conclusion must be true. Entailment: if a is true, b must follow, a necessarily leads to b. Validity: an argument is valid if the truth of the premises guarantees (entails) the truth of the conclusion. Argument: made to address a specific problem, by offering a position and providing reasons for that position. Facts and opinions have different relationships with the conclusions drawn and result in different types of arguments: deductive arguments: If the premises (facts) are true, then the conclusion must be true. Is the form of the argument valid? (not possible for the premise.
