CHEM 11H Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Orbital Hybridisation, Vsepr Theory, Acetylene

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Hybridization: mathematical procedure of mixing wave functions of atomic orbitals to make new orbitals (hybrid orbitals) Hybrid orbitals do not exist in isolated atoms; they are only formed in covalently bonded atoms. The total # of orbitals is conserved: # hybrid orbitals = # aos combined. Hybrid orbitals have shapes and orientations different from aos. All orbitals in a set of hybrid orbitals are equivalent in shape and energy. Type of hybridization formed depends on e- pair geometry as predicted by. Hybrid orbitals overlap to formbonds, unhybridized orbitals overlap to formbonds. Include lone pairs in hybridization (example) sp2 hybridization. Ethylene (c2h4) molecule and with h"s (1s orbital) Each carbon hybridizes to make sp2 orbitals and form bonds with the other c bond. The unhybridized p orbitals in each c atom bonds with the other c to form a sp hybridization. Each carbon hybridizes to make sp orbitals and form bonds with the other c.

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