BIOL 243 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Limbic System, Speech Production, Parahippocampal Gyrus
21 Nov 2016
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Cephalization= evolutionary development of rostral (anterior) portion of. Increased number of neurons in head: highest level reached in human brain. Adult brain regions: cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla, cerebellum. Spinal cord: central cavity surrounded by gray matter, external white matter composed of myelinated fiber tracts. Brain: similar pattern, additional areas of gray matter in brain, cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum. Outer gray matter called cortex: cortex disappears in brain stem. Scattered gray matter nuclei amid white matter. Connected to one another and central canal of spinal cord: lateral ventricles --> third ventricle via interventricular foramen, third ventricle--> fourth ventricle via cerebral aqueduct. Paired, c-shaped lateral ventricles in cerebral hemispheres: separated anteriorly by septum pellucidum. Fourth ventricle in hind brain: 3 openings: paired lateral apertures in side walls; median aperture in roof. Surface markings: ridges (gyri), shallows grooves (sulci), and deep grooves (fissures, longitudinal fissure. Separates 2 hemispheres: transverse cerebral fissure. Five lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital.
