CJ 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Eastern State Penitentiary, Solitary Confinement, Resocialization
13 May 2018
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Chapter 12
➢ Movements
o Workhouse movement= inmates spend days doing hard labor – horrible
conditions
▪ Prison hulks= diseased isolated on ships to die
▪ Transportation= transported to new land to colonize
o Penitentiary movement= strict regimen of solitary confinement, silence, biblical
study (encouraged repentance/reform)
▪ Counterproductive
▪ Eastern State Penitentiary (Philadelphia Walnut Street Experiment)
o Reformatory movement= sought for way to truly reform prisoners
▪ Individualized treatment, education and vocational training
▪ Still militaristic
o Rehabilitation movement= brought psychiatric treatment, based on 3 factors:
▪ Indeterminate Sentencing
▪ Classification of Offenders
▪ Treatment of Offenders
o Goal was to retrain, re-socialize, and reintegrate
➢ Major developments in corrections
o The prisoners’ rights movement= riots in Attica for basic rights guaranteed by
Constitution (hygiene, diet, education, legal assistance)
▪ Opened floodgates to lawsuits by prisoners on conditions of their
confinement
▪ Cooper v. Pate (1964) = prisoners could sue a warden for violation of civil
rights (end of ‘hands-off’ doctrine)
▪ Wolff v. McDonnell (1974) = basic elements of due process must be
present in prison disciplinary proceedings
o Priosners’ Rights movement and Rebirth of Retribution (just deserts) changed the
nature of American Corrections)
➢ Jails vs. prisons
o Jails= place of confinement administered by local officials and designed to hold
people for 48 hours to a year
▪ Purpose= house those awaiting trial/transfer, house convicts serving for
misdemeanors
o Prisons= federal or state penal institution in which offenders serve sentences
longer than one year
▪ Superior to jails in areas such as: management, education, recreation and
employment training
▪ 3 distinct levels: minimum, medium, maximum
➢ State prisons vs. federal prisons
o State= many more than federal prisons, approx. 1.6 million
o Federal=operated by Federal Bureau of Prisons, approx. 200,000
➢ Privatization= movement out of state and federal prisons run by non-profit organizations
to reduce costs and offer more availability to reform
Chapter 13
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