BIO 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Anaerobic Respiration

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lilacsardine521

21 Feb 2017

School

St. John's University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 1000

Professor

Jai Dwivedi

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Document Summary

C6h12o6 + 6 o2 6 co2 + 6 h2o + energy (atp + heat) In oxidation, a substance loses electrons, or is oxidized. Oxidation of organic fuel molecules during cellular respiration: during cellular respiration, the fuel (such as glucose) is oxidized, and o2 is reduced: Stepwise energy harvest via nad+ and the electron transport chain. The stages of cellular respiration: cellular respiration has three stages: Glycolysis (breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate) The citric acid cycle (completes the breakdown of glucose) Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate: gl(cid:455)(cid:272)ol(cid:455)sis (cid:894)(cid:862)splitti(cid:374)g of sugar(cid:863)(cid:895) (cid:271)reaks do(cid:449)(cid:374) glu(cid:272)ose i(cid:374)to t(cid:449)o (cid:373)ole(cid:272)ules of p(cid:455)ru(cid:448)ate, glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and has two major phases: The citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules. Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enable cells to produce atp without the use of oxygen: most cellular respiration requires o2 to produce atp, glycolysis can produce atp with or without o2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions)

Related Questions

While Jill and Andre were studying for their Biology exam, Andre said, âAnimals perform cellular respiration and plants perform photosynthesis.â What about Andreâs statement should Jill have told him was incomplete?

Animals also perform photosynthesis.

Plants do not perform photosynthesis.

Animals do not perform cellular respiration.

Plants also perform cellular respiration.

There is nothing incomplete about Andreâs statement.

Question 3

Select one answer.

10 points

Select the incorrect statement regarding respiration and fermentation from the list below.

Respiration produces much more ATP than fermentation

Respiration produces acidic products, fermentation does not.

Both respiration and fermentation use organic molecules.

Respiration uses oxygen, fermentation does not.

Question 4

Select one answer.

10 points

Energy is harvested from which reaction to produce ATP?

Carbon dioxide and water â sugar and oxygen.

Sugar and oxygen â carbon dioxide and water.

Question 5

Select one answer.

10 points

What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?

Light

CO2

Water

Sugar

Question 6

Select one answer.

10 points

One way to explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis relate to each other is to say that:

Plant cells use the oxygen produced by respiration for photosynthesis.

The oxygen produced by photosynthesis, once released to the environment, is the oxygen able to be used as the electron acceptors for cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration is a series of reduction reactions while photosynthesis is a series of oxidation reactions.

The two processes are not related.

The use of oxygen by plants contributes to the greenhouse effect.

Question 7

Select one answer.

10 points

The calculated net amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration in eukaryotes is

100

Question 8

Select one answer.

10 points

All of the following statements is true of photosynthesis, EXCEPT:

Releases CO2

Releases oxygen

Glucose is produced.

Water is required

Question 9

Select one answer.

10 points

Which of the following is an anabolic pathway?

photosynthesis

cellular respiration

fermentation

all of these processes

Question 10

Select one answer.

10 points

Plant leaves contain many different pigments. What is the purpose of having multiple pigments?

Capture light for photosynthesis at different wavelengths.

To absorb light that may harm the photosynthetic machinery.

To give leaves different colors in the fall.

orchidpig270

What are the outputs of photosynthesis? Select all that apply.

A. light

B. CO2

C. O2

D. water

E. sugar ..

Question 2 Select one answer. 10 points

Energy is harvested from which reaction to produce ATP?

A. Carbon dioxide and water â sugar and oxygen.

B. Sugar and oxygen â carbon dioxide and water. ..

Question 3 Select one answer. 10 points

What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?

A. Light

B. Water

C. O2

D. CO2

E. Sugar ..

Question 4 Select one answer. 10 points

Which of the following is not produced by the process of respiration?

A. CO2

B. ATP

C. H2O

D. Sugar ..

Question 5 Select one answer. 10 points

Select the incorrect statement regarding respiration and fermentation from the list below.

A. Respiration produces much more ATP than fermentation

B. Respiration uses oxygen, fermentation does not.

C. Both respiration and fermentation use organic molecules.

D. Respiration produces acidic products, fermentation does not. ..

Question 6 Select all that apply. 10 points

What is required for photosynthesis? (Select all that apply.)

A. Oxygen

B. Carbon dioxide

C. Carbon monoxide

D. Water

E.. Glucose

F. Light

G. Heat ..

Question 7 Select one answer. 10 points

Most of the ATP of aerobic respiration is produced in which organelle in eukaryotes?

A. ribosome

B. nucleus

C. plasma membrane

D. chloroplast

E. mitochondrion ..

Question 8 Select one answer. 10 points

Plant leaves contain many different pigments. What is the purpose of having multiple pigments?

A. To give leaves different colors in the fall.

B. Capture light for photosynthesis at different wavelengths.

C. To absorb light that may harm the photosynthetic machinery. ..

Question 9 Select one answer. 10 points

Which organelle captures energy, in the form of sunlight, in plant cells?

A. chloroplast

B. nucleolus

C. mitochondrion

D. plasma membrane

E. cytoplasm ..

Question 10 Select one answer. 10 points

Where in eukaryotic cells does cellular respiration take place?

A. In the peroxisome

B. In the mitochondria.

C. In the chloroplast.

D. In the ribosome. .. Save

cyancattle707

1. Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

a. H2O

b. CO2

c. O2

d. both O2 and CO2

e. both H2O and CO2

2. Organisms that derive their chemical energy either from the process of chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are classified as

a. autotrophs.

b. parasites.

c. heterotrophs.

d. saprophytes.

e. mutualists.

3. The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is

a. carbon monoxide.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. hydrocarbons.

d. methane.

e. glucose.

4. The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from

a. carbon dioxide.

b. glucose.

c. ribulose bisphosphate.

d. water.

5. When chlorophyll a molecules absorb energy, the molecules

a. release electrons.

b. release X-rays.

c. release energy.

d. release electrons and X-rays.

e. release electrons and energy.

6. The flow of what particle across the thylakoid membrane powers the production of ATP?

a. electrons

b. hydrogen ions

c. oxygen

d. carbon dioxide

e. phosphate ions 2

7. The light-independent reactions were discovered by

a. M. D. Hatch.

b. Andrew Benson.

c. Melvin Calvin.

d. Robert Hill.

e. both Andrew Benson and Melvin Calvin.

8. For each six atoms of carbon dioxide fixed in the light-independent reactions, how many molecules of PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) are produced?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 6

d. 12

e. 15

Chapter 7

9. The ultimate source of energy for living things is

a. the Krebs cycle.

b. fossil fuels.

c. the sun.

d. glycolysis.

e. aerobic respiration.

10. When molecules are broken apart in respiration

a. the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions.

b. the oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source.

c. the energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP.

d. ATP is converted into ADP.

e. ADP is released as a waste product.

11. ATP

a. can be produced by photosynthesis.

b. is produced in the degradation of organic compounds such as glucose.

c. is generated in anaerobic respiration.

d. is released in aerobic respiration.

e. all of these

12. Which part of the energy-releasing pathway can convert all carbon that enters to carbon dioxide?

a. fermentation

b. glycolysis

c. Krebs cycle

d. electron transport

e. phosphorylation

13. Which liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?

a. aerobic respiration

b. anaerobic respiration

c. alcoholic fermentation

d. lactate fermentation

e. All liberate the same amount, but through different means.

14. Aerobes use ________ as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation.

a. hydrogen

b. carbon

c. oxygen

d. H2O 3

15. Glycolysis depends on a continuous supply of

a. NADP.

b. pyruvate.

c. NAD+.

d. NADH.

e. H2O.

16. Glycolysis

a. occurs in the mitochondria.

b. results in the production of pyruvate.

c. occurs in the cytoplasm.

d. occurs in the mitochondria and results in the production of pyruvate.

e. results in the production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.

17. The end product(s) of glycolysis is(are)

a. acetyl CoA.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. pyruvate.

d. glucose.

e. glucose and carbon dioxide.

18. Which is capable of being reduced during both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

a. NAD+

b. FAD+

c. ADP

d. NADH

e. NADP+

19. The Krebs cycle takes place in the

a. ribosomes.

b. cytoplasm.

c. nucleus.

d. mitochondria.

e. chloroplasts.

20. The breakdown of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle results in the release of

a. energy.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. oxygen.

d. energy and oxygen.

e. energy and carbon dioxide.

ochremole959

BIO 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Anaerobic Respiration

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