CHEM 10 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Sodium Bromide, Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Iodide
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26 Jun 2018
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All chemical reactions can be placed into one of six categories.
Here they are, in no particular order:
1) Combustion: A combustion reaction is when oxygen combines with another
compound to form water and carbon dioxide. These reactions are exothermic,
meaning they produce heat. An example of this kind of reaction is the burning of
napthalene:
C10H8 + 12 O2 ---> 10 CO2 + 4 H2O
2) Synthesis: A synthesis reaction is when two or more simple compounds
combine to form a more complicated one. These reactions come in the general
form of:
A + B ---> AB
One example of a synthesis reaction is the combination of iron and sulfur to form
iron (II) sulfide:
8 Fe + S8 ---> 8 FeS
3) Decomposition: A decomposition reaction is the opposite of a synthesis
reaction - a complex molecule breaks down to make simpler ones. These
reactions come in the general form:
AB ---> A + B
One example of a decomposition reaction is the electrolysis of water to make
oxygen and hydrogen gas:
2 H2O ---> 2 H2 + O2
4) Single displacement: This is when one element trades places with another
element in a compound. These reactions come in the general form of:
A + BC ---> AC + B
One example of a single displacement reaction is when magnesium replaces
hydrogen in water to make magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas:
Mg + 2 H2O ---> Mg(OH)2 + H2
5) Double displacement: This is when the anions and cations of two different
molecules switch places, forming two entirely different compounds. These
reactions are in the general form:
AB + CD ---> AD + CB
One example of a double displacement reaction is the reaction of lead (II) nitrate
with potassium iodide to form lead (II) iodide and potassium nitrate:
Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI ---> PbI2 + 2 KNO3
6) Acid-base: This is a special kind of double displacement reaction that takes
place when an acid and base react with each other. The H+ ion in the acid reacts
with the OH- ion in the base, causing the formation of water. Generally, the
product of this reaction is some ionic salt and water:
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Document Summary
All chemical reactions can be placed into one of six categories. Here they are, in no particular order: combustion: a combustion reaction is when oxygen combines with another compound to form water and carbon dioxide. These reactions are exothermic, meaning they produce heat. An example of this kind of reaction is the burning of napthalene: C10h8 + 12 o2 ---> 10 co2 + 4 h2o: synthesis: a synthesis reaction is when two or more simple compounds combine to form a more complicated one. One example of a synthesis reaction is the combination of iron and sulfur to form iron (ii) sulfide: 8 fe + s8 ---> 8 fes: decomposition: a decomposition reaction is the opposite of a synthesis reaction - a complex molecule breaks down to make simpler ones. One example of a decomposition reaction is the electrolysis of water to make oxygen and hydrogen gas:
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