BIO 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Photosynthetic Reaction Centre, Chromosome, Microtubule

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purplekoala585

21 Apr 2016

School

Stony Brook University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 202

Professor

Citovskyand Deborah Brown

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Document Summary

Proteins: amino acid chains folded into a huge variety of structures: ex: hemoglobin, alpha/beta fibrils (cause alzheimer"s), motor proteins on a, different structures allow huge diversity of functions microtubules, photosynthetic reaction center. Gene: subunits within dna molecules that specifies (codes for) amino acids in 1 protein. Remember that dna is long so many genes in the dna in 1 chromosome. Sometimes it (remember that different amino acid sequences can still code for the same protein) does, sometimes it does not. Different forms of the same proteins are coded for by different alleles of the same genes this causes variation between individuals o. Mice and humans have the same proteins with slight variations: ex: hemoglobin. A few people have a different allele (1 amino acid difference!) and get sickle: recall that diploid cells contain pairs of homologous chromosomes (with the same, homozygous for a gene: genes, slight variations) cell disease.

Related Questions

1. What recent research has indicated that studying Down Syndrome may hold a key to cancer growth and slowing tumor growth? In your answer be sure to mention the DSCR1 gene, angiogenesis suppression, and why individuals with Downâs Syndrome rarely have solid tumor growth. 2. Select your favorite chromosome and list the following: Three disorders that are found on this chromosome, Indicate the type of disorder (dominant, recessive) and the type of numerical or structural aberration. 3. Assume that crossing over does not occur in the region of each chromosome that is associated with the centromere. You have 46 centromeric regions in each cell, 23 that are copies of the DNA in your motherâs egg and 23 that are copies of the DNA fatherâs sperm. a. For any given gamete, what is the probability that all the centromeric regions will be copies of the same ones that you received from your mother? b. It has been estimated that the average person is heterozygous for at least 2,000 protein forming genes. How many different kinds of gametes is it theoretically possible for each person to produce? c. Considering the maternal and paternal origin of the centromeric regions alone, how many different kinds of gametes can you produce? 4. Find a current article on Telomerase (within the last year). Summarize the article and answer the following: What is telomerase? Why is it viewed as the fountain of youth? Attach the abstract or the first page. 5. Promiscuous Sun Flower has five lovers, but she has decided that the only true father of her child can have her hand in marriage. Sunâs Blood type is A- her five suitors blood types are as follows: a. Maury AB+ b. Elmer O+ c. Willie A- d. Jiggs B- e. Cousin it B+ 6. What is the epigenome. Explain why the study of the epigenome may not follow normal Mendelian genetics 7. Explain what is meant by the statement âWomen are just as hemizygous as menâ. 8. After having 10 children you remarryâ¦â¦ What is the probability of you now having a boy and then a girl, and then a girl, and then a boy, and then a boy or a girl, and then a girl? You now have 16 childrenâ¦â¦ 9. The genetic code has four codons for the amino acid Valine (GUG, GUC, GUU, GUA). Organisms have evolved to use some codes more than other codes. Which of the valine codes would you expect to be preferentially used in the genome of an algae growing in a hot spring at Yellowstone Park? EXPLAIN your answer 10. You discovered a new virus that needs to be studied. You begin by digesting the virus with protease (an enzyme that completely digests all proteins) until only amino acids remain. You then determine that the base composition of the viral nucleic acid is 38% Cytosine, 35% Glycine, 15% Thymine, and 12 % Adenine. To which class could this virus belong? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER a. Single-stranded RNA Virus b. Double-stranded RNA Virus c. Single-stranded DNA Virus d. Double=stranded DNA Virus e. None of the above because there is not enough information given to make a guess. 11. Adenine is found in numerous biological molecules (for example, DNA, RNA, NADH, ATP). You are now asked to explain the evolution of adenine and at least 5 of these biological (Adenine containing) molecules and how they may have evolved (the order).

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Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

BIO 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Photosynthetic Reaction Centre, Chromosome, Microtubule

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