BIO 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Aldosterone, Cortisol, Activin And Inhibin

39 views8 pages

lavenderduck854

13 Jan 2016

School

Stony Brook University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 203

Professor

John Cabot

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

With testosterone you get wolfian system and also actively inhibit female by presenting anti mullarian hormone. 5-alpha reductase allows for formation of dihydrotestosterone (dht) Estrogen is formed from testosterone (how it is formed in ovaries) testosterone is first made and then is converted into estrogen from aromatase. Propecia prevents the formation of dht by blocking the 5-alpha reductase. In common: gametes come from germ cells and the germ cells are present very early on from the differentiation of the gonadal tissue. These cells are making many copies of itself. In female called oogonium and inmale called spermatognium. Go into meiotic division and becoming primary oocyes and primary spermatocytes. In female from switch from germ cell reproduction to primary oocyte occurs and freeze before they do their first meiotic division (all. Primary oocytes have been created at birth and every one of the primary oocytes a female has is present at birth)

Related Questions

Considering the details of this case, what is the patient likely suffering from?

	A.	A brand new type of bacterium, made by combining Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
	B.	Lung cancer
	C.	Mycoplasma pneumoniae
	D.	A multi drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

A 47 year old female patient presents herself to you with symptoms of pneumonia. All indications are that the patient is suffering from an infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive bacterium. Since the patient is not allergic to penicillin, you prescribe a dose of amoxicillin, a semi-synthetic penicillin. This drug works by blocking the peptide cross-links, between the muramic acid subunits, of peptidoglycan chains. This leads to a destabilization of the bacterial cell, leading to its rupture.

However, after the patient finished her course of amoxicillin, no improvement in symptoms were reported. Perplexed, you decide to culture and examine the bacteria infecting her lungs. The test you order is a Gram stain test, which comes back as Gram-negative. You feel like a failure as a health care provider due to your misdiagnosis of this bacterium.

The same day, you put the patient on an aminoglycoside class antibiotic. This antibiotic is Gram-negative specific and works by shutting down ribosomes. You are dismayed and confused when this treatment also fails.

To get a full read on the disease, you have a barcoding DNA test done on the causative bacterium. The test comes back and it clearly shows that the bacterium is within the group of Gram-positive bacteria. With the results of this test, you come up with the theory that the patient is infected with a strain of Drug Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP), resistant to amoxicillin. You decide to treat the DRSP by administering intravenous vancomycin, which is indicated for the treatment of serious, life-threatening infections by Gram-positive bacteria. This treatment also fails.

In the end, you figure out that you were wrong about everything, and that there was a simple solution to the treatment of the patient.

plumfox129

The leading environmental cause of intellectual disability is: a. Maternal alcoholism. b. Rubella. c. Prenatal exposure to virus. d. Early infancy exposure to viruses. . 5 points Question 15 Antipsychotic medicines have come to be known as ___, which means ___. a. psycholeptics; to have antipsychotic effects b. neuroleptics; to have anti-neurosis effects c. neuroleptics; to seize control of a neuron d. psycholeptics; to seize control of a psychosis . 5 points Question 16 Using classical conditioning to pair a loud boat horn with presenting a blue slide, researchers found that with: a. Hippocampus damage, conditioning occurred even though the subjects could not describe what was learned. b. Amygdala damage, conditioning occurred even though the subjects could not describe what was learned. c. Hippocampus damage, no conditioning occurred but subjects could describe the procedure. d. None of the above. . 5 points Question 17 In the most famous case of Ablatio penis, where a young boy with XY chromosomes had his penis destroyed during a circumcision, a. the child (Bruce) was born as a hermaphrodite and the decision was made to rear him as a girl (Brenda). b. Money counseled the parents that by rearing the child (Bruce) as a girl, âsheâ (Brenda) would accept a female gender identity. c. the child lost both testicles, which was the source for all of the male-specific hormones in âherâ body. d. Money showed that the âneutral-at-birthâ position was in fact correct. . 5 points Question 18 The method of introspection is seldom used in today's research because: a. Machines were developed that were more accurate. b. It was found to be too subjective. c. It required too much training to produce accurate results. d. All of the above. . 5 points Question 19 Both Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease produce damage to: a. Declarative memory. b. Nondeclarative memory. c. Memory of Lincolnâs birthplace. d. Memory of what you had for breakfast. . 5 points Question 20 Lucid dreamers: a. Show characteristics of being both awake and asleep. b. Can control the content of their dreams. c. Know that they are dreaming. d. All of the above.

Case Studies for Week 1 1. John Tucker, a 49-year-old truck driver, has a history of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. In addition, he was recently told that he has chronic bronchitis after a visit to his provider for follow-up on a hacking, longstanding cough that is worse in the morning. John takes cholestyramine (Questran) daily for his elevated cholesterol and atenolol (Tenormin) for hypertension. He smokes 2 packs per day and consumes a six-pack of beer every day or two. On occasion, he takes Mylanta for indigestion and "a sour stomach." John is seen today at your Quick Care Clinic because his cough has worsened. It is accompanied by productive yellow sputum and a temperature of 102.2Â° F (39Â° C). He states he is allergic to penicillin. It made him sick to his stomach. The physician begins him on azithromycin (Zithromax). When you approach John about smoking cessation, he abruptly tells you that he's not interested. John tells you that he had a friend who was hospitalized with pneumonia, requiring intravenous antibiotics. John is taking atenolol for his hypertension. After completing his antibiotic course of therapy, John returns to the clinic for follow up. While he reports his fever and productive cough are gone, he tells you that he can't sleep because of an intense hacking cough, particularly at night. He is given a 3-day prescription for chlorpheniramine and hydrocodone (Tussionex), a schedule III antitussive. â¨ 1. Zithromax is within the drug class called _______________ 2. Based on ethical decision-making, would you insist that John stop smoking because it is a self-harm practice? â¨ 3. How do cigarettes and alcohol interfere with drug metabolism? 4. Zithromax has a moderate degree of protein binding. When two drugs have a significant degree of protein binding, there is_____________________ 5. After drug absorption and distribution, the body eliminates drugs by biotransformation and excretion. The chief organ of metabolism is the__________________ 6. Based on the pharmacokinetics of the drug Questran, and given Johns social habits, is this an appropriate drug choice in the management of John's primary hyper-cholesterolemia? Explain your answer. 7. Because of drug-drug and drug-food/nutrient interaction, Questran should be taken: ______â¨â¨8. John takes atenolol for hypertension. In drug-receptor interaction terms, atenolol is a ________ 9. Atenolol may or may not aggravate Johns pulmonary disease. Choose your answer and explain it. 10. Explain the mechanism by which Tussionex will relieve Johns cough? What patient teaching do you want to do with John in relation to this drug? 2. Mrs. Brown is 65. She is widowed, lives alone, and has two supportive children who live 1 hour away. She has a history of arthritis and hypertension managed with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg daily. Two weeks ago she was treated for bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract attributed to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). On the morning of admission, she awoke with a strong feeling of indigestion. She took Pepto-Bismol and Tums, but the feeling persisted. She also felt more tired and "winded." She drove herself to the hospital 12 hours after the onset of pain, and the emergency room (ER) nurse recommended that an electro-cardiograph (ECG) be obtained. ST wave elevations were noted in leads II, III, and AVF, indicating injury to the inferior wall of her heart. â¨â¨Note the long duration of time between the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction and her arrival in the ER as well as her recent gastrointestinal bleeding. These factors contraindicate the use of fibrinolytic therapy in the setting of her acute coronary syndrome. â¨ 1. In the ER, Mrs. Brown's hands and legs feel cool and her pupils are dilated. The adrenergic receptor stimulation that most likely is the cause of these symptoms is: â¨beta1, beta2, alpha1, alpha2 2. The ECG monitor alarm sounds. The nurse notes the sudden onset of ventricular fibrillation. A code is called, and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) efforts ensue. Mrs. Brown is defibrillated three times, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) initiated. The drug that is indicated at this time is: Epinephrine, Atropine, Morphine 3. Mrs. Brown is stabilized and transported to the critical care unit (CCU) with a diagnosis of an acute inferior wall MI. On admission to the CCU her vital signs are BP 80/50, HR 102, and RR 22. Her skin is cool and clammy. The physician decides to place a pulmonary artery catheter for hemodynamic pressure monitoring and an arterial line for continuous blood pressure monitoring. Her blood pressure continues to be between 80 and 90 mm Hg systolic, and her urine output has decreased to 30 ml/hr. A dopamine infusion is ordered to begin at 3 Âµg/kg/min. Mrs. Brown weighs 67 kg. The intravenous infusion is supplied 400 mg in 500 ml D5W. What would be an objective finding that would indicate Mrs. Brown is responding to dopamine therapy other then a lower pulmonary capillary wedge pressure? 4. When infusing dopamine, what special precaution is necessary? â¨â¨5. Mrs. Brown's intravenous infusions are tapered off. She is on aspirin 325 mg enteric-coated 1 tablet daily, metoprolol (Lopressor) 25 mg twice daily, and nitroglycerin (NTG) 0.4 mg sublingually prn. What drug class is metoprolol in? 6. What two parameters are essential for the nurse to assess prior to giving the metoprolol to Mrs. Brown? 7. Research supports a decreased mortality rate when beta-blocking drugs are initiated after myocardial infarction. Why? 8. Myocardial infarctions can lead to problems with chronic heart failure called CHF. Beta blockers used to be contraindicated to use in someone who has heart failure. Is there still a risk of increasing symptoms of heart failure with the use of these drugs?

pearjellyfish345

BIO 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Aldosterone, Cortisol, Activin And Inhibin

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Biology

Concepts of Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIO 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Estrone, Central Artery, Oogenesis

BIO 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Preganglionic Nerve Fibers, Baroreflex, Postganglionic Nerve Fibers

BIO 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Endocrine System, Spermatocyte, Menstrual Cycle

Related Questions