BIO 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Ftsz, Active Transport, Cell Membrane
2 Jun 2018
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Lecture 1: The Microbial World
The Microbes:
• Microbiology is the study of microbes
• Forms of life too small to be seen from the naked eye
o Ex: Bacteria, fungi, algae, protists
• Viruses outside the host cell = particles/ non-living; inside the host cell = living
• Examines how microbes interact with humans, food and how they are used by humans, etc.
• Characteristics of Life:
• Metabolism, growth, reproduction
• Genetic variation/evolution
• Response/ adaptation to the external environment
• Homeostasis
• Definition of life: "A self-organizing, self-replicating, non-equilibrium system"
• Main purpose of life is reproduction
Macromolecules Needed for Life:
• All organic in nature
• Bacteria are bags of enzyme
• Proteins and RNA can act as enzymes
• rRNAs are present in large quantities in the cell
Macromolecules
Subunits
Functions
Dry
Weight of
cell (%)
Polypeptide
Amino Acids
Catalysis of reactions by enzymes; other proteins
used for structural components
50-55
Nucleic Acid
Deoxyribonucleotides
Ribonucleotides
Informational: DNA provides the instructions for
assembly and reproduction of the cell
Most involved with the production of
polypeptides; others serve structural or catalytic
purposes
2-5
15-20
Lipids
Diverse Structures
Structural: Make up cellular membranes
10
Polysaccharides
Sugars
Structural (cellulose & chitin); energy storage
(glycogen & starch)
6-7
Selected Function of Polypeptides:
Polypeptide
Location
Function
RNA polymerase
Cytoplasm (bacteria &
archaeon); nucleus
(eukarya)
Produce RNA molecules from DNA template
Glycogen
Phosphorylase
Cytoplasm
Conversion of glycogen into glucose monomers
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