BIO 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Data Matrix, Arthropod Leg, Phylogenetics
Document Summary
Visual represe(cid:374)tatio(cid:374) of the ge(cid:374)ealogi(cid:272)al relatio(cid:374)ships of life, like a (cid:862)fa(cid:373)il(cid:455) tree(cid:863) Conceptual model - integrates observations and inferences in order to help simplify and understand a complex system. Pattern of relationships - represe(cid:374)ts (cid:862)(cid:449)hat(cid:863) (cid:894)(cid:271)ut does (cid:374)ot dire(cid:272)tl(cid:455) tell us (cid:449)h(cid:455)(cid:895) 2 major types of patterns (evolutionary processes create patterns) Evolution of new traits (or loss of traits) in a lineage. Origins of new traits on a phylogeny. Production and transmission of new variation (mutation, recombination, heredity) Selection (sorting & maintenance of variation); natural, sexual selection. All living things are part of a phylogeny, even viruses (ex. When strange, new illnesses appear, phylogenies are important tools for many areas of biology. We use the (cid:449)ord (cid:862)ta(cid:454)a(cid:863) (cid:894)ta(cid:454)o(cid:374): si(cid:374)gular, ta(cid:454)a: plural(cid:895) to refer to the u(cid:374)its (cid:894)e. g. , spe(cid:272)ies(cid:895) that we are studying. A character is any observable feature (or part) of an organism. Organisms hold a wealth and diversity of attributes that can be used in phylogenetic analyses.
