CSE 220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Subroutine, Program Counter, Complex Instruction Set Computing
24 Jan 2017
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Document Summary
Computer architecture: visible hardware aspects e. g. , word size, data formats. Computer organization (microarchitecture): interaction of physical components e. g. , Moore"s law: trend that circuit complexity/speed doubles every ~2 years. Simplify designs with abstraction: ignoring irrelevant details. Increase performance via pipelining (stages executed in parallel) Implement hierarchy of memories with fastest, smallest, and expensive at top. Regularity: reusable modules, smaller # of distinct components. Both instructions and data stored in ram. Data to be processed transfers from ram -> cpu, results back to ram. Control unit: performs instruction decoding and control. Registers: small amount of memory used to hold addresses, instructions, and data. Ram: larger memory used to store program instructions and data. Each instruction in ram has associated memory address. Program counter (instruction pointer) register in cpu stores address of the next instruction to be executed. Opcode: determines the type of instruction, first 6 bits usually. Operand: determine the source and destination of data to be operated on.
