NURS 4390 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Transient Ischemic Attack, Peripheral Artery Disease, Coronary Artery Disease
3 May 2020
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Systolic versus diastolic: systolic: inability to pump blood, diastolic: inability to relax and fill during diastole. Left versus right: don"t include crackles for right sided. Pulmonary edema with increased respiratory rate (>30/min), increased heart rate, sob, anxiety, pallor, cold and clammy skin, anxiety. Crackles in lungs (fluid back up into lungs because heart can"t pump to extremities) Cough (productive, pink and frothy from blood) because of fluid in lungs. Shortness of breath & paroxysmal (sudden onset) nocturnal dyspnea d/t fluid they have when laying done. S3 extra heart sound occurs due to rapid filling. Skin changes; chronic swelling of extremities and pigment changes. Compensatory mechanisms (in response to decreased cardiac output) Neurohormonal response: renin released when there is poor perfusion, antidiuretic hormone. Bnp/anp (counteracts above: anp comes from atrium, bnp comes from heart in ventricle. Bnp is an indicator of heart failure, it can be in the thousands. 3 month period check of how well diabetes is controlled.
