BIO 327 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Lipid Bilayer, Chemical Formula, Structural Formula
Document Summary
Chemically unfavorable reactions- condensation reactions, water is liberated. Creating order requires energy, often coupled with activated carrier. Isomers- differ only in spatial arrangement, same chemical formula different structural formula. Forms selective barrier, allows water and charged polar molecules to pass well. Sterols are lipids that are important for the lipid membrane and producing steroid hormones. Amino acids formed through series of condensation reactions, contain a peptide bond. Contains an amino end and a carboxyl end. 20 amino acids, can exist as both d and l isomers. Svedburg determined the polymeric nature of proteins by ultracentrifugation. General types of amino acids: acidic, basic, uncharged polar, nonpolar. Acidic and basic can make ionic bonds and interact strongly with water. Nonpolar side chains- no hydroxyl, sometimes rings, lots of methyl groups, generally hydrophobic. Also carry energy (atp, gtp), combine with other groups to form coenzymes(coenzyme a), used as signaling molecules. Catabolism creates useful forms of energy, heat, and building blocks for synthesis.
