COM 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Relative Clause, Dependent Clause, Adverbial Phrase
1. Sentences and fragments
a. A sentence is a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a
subject and predicate and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or
more subordinate clauses.
i. Four Functions
1. Declarative – conveys a statement
2. Interrogative – Conveys a question
3. Exclamatory – conveys an exclamation
4. Imperative – conveys a command
ii. Four types
1. Simple – one independent clause
a. Independent clause (With modifying phrases)
i. We followed a deer into the woods.
b. Compound – Two or more independent clauses (of
equal status)
i. Independent clause + , + Coordinating
conjunction + Independent Clause
ii. The deer was strong, and we waited for hours.
c. Complex – One independent clause + one or more
subordinate (dependent) clauses
i. Independent clause + Adverb Clause(s)
ii. Independent clause + Adjective Clause(s)
iii. Independent clause + Noun clause(s)
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iv. Independent clause + any number of dependent
clauses
d. Compound Complex – Two or more independent
clauses plus one or more subordinate (Dependent)
clauses.
2. What is a sentence fragment?
a. Types of fragments
i. Subordinate clause fragments
ii. Participial phrase fragments
iii. Infinitive phrase fragments
iv. Afterthought fragments
v. “Lonely Verb” Fragments
vi. Appositive Fragments
b. Fixing fragments
i. You can add them to other sentences
ii. You can make them into independent clauses by adding missing
elements.
iii. You can leave them alone (if you created them intentionally!).
3. Clause
a. What is a clause?
i. A clause is a word group (or “group of related words”) with at least
both a subject and a verb.
b. One category of clauses:
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