PSY 445 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Flynn Effect, Dyscalculia, Dyslexia
Document Summary
Learning disorders | affect how individuals of at least normal intelligence take in, retain, or express information. Main characteristic = not performing up to the expected level in school: achievement is substantially below that expected for age/school grade. Refers to specific problems in: reading, math, writing expression. Cannot be the result of: lack of opportunity (being absent from school frequently, truancy, poor teaching, cultural factors (not understanding the language, teaching methods, etc. ) Genetic: heritability accounts for ~60% of variance in reading disorders o. Social/psychological factors: co-occurring emotional disturbances and other signs of poor adaptive ability: overlap between dyslexia and adhd 30-70% o. Neurobiological factors: lower activation of areas responsible for understanding phonemes, analyzing words, and automatically detecting words: behavioral/physiological abnormalities processing visual info. 5 - 15% with learning disabilities have adhd. 44% of all students receiving special education services are classified as learning disabled. 50% of students identified with learning disabilities graduate from high school.
