BIOL 4376 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Nocardia, Actinomyces, Legionella
3 Jul 2020
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Aerobic, found in warm, moist environments: pneumophila. Symptoms: high fever, malaise, nonproductive cough, hypoxia, diarrhea, delirium. Symptoms: fever, malaise, headache, photophobia, neck stiffness, confusion. Actinomyces are anaerobic, common cause of abscesses of mouth/gi tract. Nocardia are aerobic, acid-fast, cause of infection in immunocompromised patients. Typically infects mouth ( lumpy jaw ), pulmonary area, appendix/stomach (ulcers) Management: drainage of abscess, high-dose antibiotics for 6-12 months (penicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin) Symptoms: fever, weight loss, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath. Pulmonary infection spreads and causes abscess formation in cns. In disseminated tb, mycobacteria spread to other parts of body. Symptoms: cough, fever, weight loss, can be fatal. Tb can be latent (no symptoms but positive skin/blood test) Treatment: if active, use isoniazid + rifampin + ethambutol + pyrazinamide. Three species: m. avium, m. intracellulare, m. chimaera. Forms chancre round, painless lesion on skin/mucous membrane. Transmitted via sexual contact or contact with lesion.
